1,699 Answered Questions for the topic biochemistry

05/07/19

How does methamphetamine (meth) damage neurons?
Meth is considered to be neurotoxic by forming reactive oxygen species and oxidizing the neurons. But unlike dopamine, which, by the way, [is neurotoxic due to ROS induced dopaminergic... more
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Biochemistry Physiology Perception

05/07/19

Why do mints make your mouth feel cold?
Why do mints make your mouth feel cold? And specifically, why does your mouth feel so cold if you eat a few mints and then drink a glass of cold water afterwards?
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05/07/19

When running a gel, what could cause a standard to run "faster" than usual?
We are running a gel on the products of a restriction digest to determine the size of an insert. We know the vector backbone size should be ~2.9kb; however, the standard appears to be running too... more
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05/07/19

How do antioxidants affect human metabolism?
I'd like to know how antioxidants affect human metabolism and which ones are essential for metabolic processes.
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Biochemistry Human Physiology Food

05/07/19

Why don't we feel hungry after waking up?
Yesterday, I was fasting (drinking only water until I had dinner at 9 pm). After dinner, I went back to my lab (I am a Master's student) and worked till 1:30 AM. By 1 o' clock, I was feeling *quite... more
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05/04/19

Why is the brain dependent on glucose?
The strict dependence of the (human) brain on glucose has always been puzzling to me. While ketones can substitute for a portion of the brain's energy needs, it cannot substitute completely: blood... more
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05/04/19

How does paracetamol work?
[Hinz *et al.* 2008](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17884974) found that COX-2 may be inhibited by paracetamol, and this is attributed to it's... more
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Biochemistry Pharmacology Drugs

05/04/19

Why is the effect of competitive antagonist less than the effect of non-competetive antagonists?
Drugs can be provided as a competive or non-competitive form of agonists. But the effect of non-competitive antagonists is much more than the other, so what is the cause of that? And are there... more
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Biochemistry Physiology

05/02/19

Respiratory Physiology: Hemoglobin
A woman dumped a bucket of ice water over her head to raise global awareness about a neurological disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS. Which of the following correctly describes what... more
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04/30/19

How does the body switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Lets take the case of a person doing heavy exercise. Aerobic respiration is taking place, but oxygen is about to be finished up. Glycolysis occurs, Krebs cycle finishes. Now NADH and... more
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04/30/19

Why is too much glucose harmful?
I learned the citric acid cycle in biotechnology school and how cells work; about ADP and ATP and how the Cellular respiration (C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2+6H2O) works.I am interested in understanding... more
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Biochemistry Biology Cell Biology Cell

04/28/19

Concentration dependent cellular processes?
Are there any famous biological processes that depend strongly on a chemical concentration reaching a particular value, like some sort of switch? E.g. if concentration of chemical x reaches... more
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Biochemistry

04/27/19

Why does Rigor Mortis occur after death?
After someone dies they become stiff, this is termed Rigor Mortis and happens because the cells run out of ATP (I think). But why do the cells need it to remain flexible?
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Biochemistry Botany

04/26/19

Are there any plants that fix their own nitrogen?
I know that most nitrogen is fixed through industrial processes and bacterial symbiotic relationships. However, are there any plants that can fix their own atmospheric nitrogen?
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Biochemistry Pharmacology Metabolism

04/23/19

Selective Androgen Receptor Agonist?
I'm looking for an inducer that strongly activates the androgen receptor, but not the glucocorticoid receptor that is not DEA regulated. I know that SARMS (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators)... more
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Biochemistry Organic Chemistry

04/23/19

What are the olfactory chemicals in whiteboard/permanent markers and what do they bind to in the nose, lungs, and brain?
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04/21/19

When should endocytosis inhibitors be used in cell binding assays?
I'm beginning to do some cell-binding assays and I would like for my proteins to not be endocytosed by my mammalian cells. Typical suggestions are for the cells to be kept on ice and that the... more
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04/20/19

In which direction does ATP synthase rotate?
I heard about the rotation of ATP synthase in a biochemistry course. The professor said it will rotate counterclockwise. Is that true? If so, what mechanism defines its direction?
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04/20/19

Death because of distilled water consumption?
One of my friends said that I would die if I drank distilled water (we were using it in a chemistry experiment) I gave it a go and surprisingly did not die.I did a bit of... more
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Biochemistry Amino Acids Rna

04/19/19

What is the explanation for the smaller number of tRNA than codons?
> Translation, or decoding, of the four-nucleotide language of DNA and> mRNA into the 20–amino acid language of proteins requires tRNAs and> enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. To... more
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04/19/19

What is the relationship between the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis?
My main concern is why are the dark reactions (those that produce hexose) needed? As far as I understand, the sole purpose of photosynthesis is to synthesize carbohydrates, which are only used for... more
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Biochemistry Microbiology

04/19/19

Why don't antiseptic agents kill 100% germs?
I've seen innumerable antiseptic, mouthwash, handwash advertisements that claim to be able to eliminate as much as 99.9% of all germs over a surface...but why not the remaining 0.1% (i.e- why can't... more
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04/18/19

Why do we have no enzyme to digest cellulose?
As we know, cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature. Why don't we have an enzyme to digest cellulose?
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Biochemistry Metabolism

04/18/19

Why can't the brain and red blood cells use fuels other than glucose?
The question is rather straight forward: I have always been curious as to why, but cannot find an explanation online.I can imagine that the mechanism is different for each, but **why does brain... more
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04/16/19

What's the mechanism for being mentally tired?
I notice that after long tests, or long periods of critical thinking, my body and mind feel noticeably tired. Why does this happen? Are the neurons in my head not firing as quickly, or is there... more
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