1,722 Answered Questions for the topic biochemistry

Biochemistry Photosynthesis

06/04/19

When is Water Produced During Photosynthesis?
The formula for photosynthesis is: $$6CO_2+12H_2O \\rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2+6H_2O$$I can count the carbons, the waters on the reactant side, the oxygens, and the glucose, but I cannot seem to... more
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Biochemistry Human Biology Metabolism

06/04/19

What is the molecular basis of hangovers?
Well, most of us have experienced the wonderful feeling of the dreaded hangover. How does it work exactly? I imagine it has something to do with dehydration but what are the underlying... more
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06/04/19

What came first? The DNA or the DNA polymerases?
I know this sounds a lot like chicken and egg question and while the latter has an answer, I am intrigued about the former.A modified form of the question would be, in the course of abiogenesis,... more
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Biochemistry Enzyme Kinetics

06/04/19

Why is competitive inhibition reversible?
My Biochemistry book mentions that 'competitive inhibition' is a reversible form of inhibition.<Br> But given that the inhibitor is blocking the active site and prevents an enzyme-substrate... more
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06/04/19

What is our skin made up of?
Again, it is a basic question. What is our skin made up of? is it made up of many cells arranged in a systematic way or is it just like any layer say of a book?? what is the difference? where is... more
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Biochemistry Cell Membrane

06/03/19

What is a membrane potential?
I know this may be silly, but I am confused to what a membrane potential actually is. I understand that at resting membrane potential is -70- -80 mV. But what does that exactly mean and how does... more
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06/03/19

How can a ligand be an integral membrane protein?
My background is in mathematics, and not biology, so please bear with me. I am currently working on a project involving the effects of Epidermal growth factor treatment (EGF) on cell migration. I... more
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Biochemistry Metabolism Insulin Liver

06/03/19

Why doesn't glucagon promote glycogenolysis in muscle?
Insulin stimulates glycogenesis in both liver and in muscles. Epinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis in both liver and muscles. But glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in liver only. Why is this so?
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06/01/19

Why is oxygen needed for the electron transfer phosphorylation?
I understand that oxygen is the acceptor of electrons and hydrogen ions during the electron transfer phosphorylation, the last step off the ATP-producing aerobic respiration.But why?Aren't there... more
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06/01/19

Why is the DNA helix anti-parallel?
Why is it that DNA strands are running in anti-parallel fashion? Given the chemical base-pairing, they could have been parallel just as well.
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Biochemistry Biology Cancer Mutations

06/01/19

Is there any disease in adult human, other-than cancer, which-is resulted from mutation?
On all environmental articles I read about 3 impacts of mutagens (say Cigarette/ Naphthalene/ EtBr/ Colchicine/ ionizing radiation/ whatever )...**1**. direct effect on tissues, other than... more
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06/01/19

Do non-enzyme catalysed reaction pathways exist?
Can their be a kind of chemical reaction pathway in a cell, that is catalyzed or regulated but NOT necessarily by enzymes? I could not find anything on Google.I have almost no background in... more
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06/01/19

Why would lactate be high in diabetics?
Why are lactate level high in diabetes? For example, type II diabetes are resistant to insulin. If those patients are insulin resistant their gluconeogenesis should be working at a high rate and,... more
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Biochemistry Botany Photosynthesis

06/01/19

Which will produce more oxygen? A few large trees or a greater number of smaller plants?
In a given area A, we have two choices -(i) we can plant maximum number of trees (which are larger in size) possible in A, say mOR(ii) we can plant maximum number of plants (which are smaller in... more
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Biochemistry Cell Membrane Proteins

06/01/19

If proteins have an overall charge, how do membrane proteins traverse through the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane?
These two concepts seem almost contradictory, proteins have a net negative charge due to the amino acids in them each having a small negative charge, yet membrane proteins are able to exist... more
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05/31/19

Non-ribosomal peptide synthesis: why Glutathione cannot be produced by the ribosome?
**Case**: I am writing a summary for a class in protein structure and function, and was asked to describe some different ways that peptides are synthesized (that does not involve the ribosome). I... more
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05/27/19

How do the pharmacodynamics of the NSAIDs differ and are there "resistant" COX phenotypes?
I know that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen) affect the enzymes cyclooxygenase (types I and II).Is there any difference in the degree to which these... more
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05/27/19

Why antipyretics do not bring the body-temperature below normal?
Antipyretics like paracetamol are used to decrease the body-temperature in fever patients. But some of them are also used as pain-killers in sprain or other injuries (where there's no fever). In... more
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Biochemistry Botany Plant Physiology

05/26/19

How do plants intake minerals through their leaves?
How do plants intake the fertilizer when it is sprayed all over the leaf surface as a foliar feed?
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05/24/19

How is sebum secretion regulated?
The principle of homeostasis in biology says that living organisms try to maintain some sort of equilibrium. Doing that requires the use of feedback mechanisms to regulate things like temperature,... more
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05/24/19

Why does the affinity of haemoglobin's for oxygen decrease at high altitudes?
My class 12 NCERT book says, Pg 226> The body compensates low oxygen availability by increasing red blood cell production, decreasing the binding affinity of haemoglobin and by increasing... more
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05/24/19

Why do mice have a higher metabolic rate than humans?
Mice and other small animals have higher metabolic rate than humans. How does that happen on cellular level, if we look on one cell in the mouse body?What is it in this cell that will be different?... more
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Biochemistry Physiology Endocrinology

05/24/19

What is the physiological difference between cortisone and cortisol?
There is only hydrogen bond different. Cortisol is synthesized by our body, while cortisone is given to the patient. Why you cannot give cortisol directly to the patient?I think the reason is... more
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Biochemistry Physiology Neuroscience

05/24/19

What determines whether a substance can diffuse across the blood-brain-barrier?
What determines whether a chemical substance is able to cross the blood-brain-barrier via passive, transmembrane diffusion? What structurally differentiates these chemicals?
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05/24/19

What is the advantage of using plant-derived antibacterials rather than bacteria-derived antibacterials?
So obviously we have a big problem with antibiotic resistance. Most of our antibiotics originate from bacteria themselves (or are synthetic variations on scaffolds which originate from bacteria). I... more
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