1,708 Answered Questions for the topic biochemistry

04/02/19

Is cancer caused by vitamin B17 deficiency?
I have read in an article on the internet that cancer is caused due to deficiency of vitamin B17 which has been removed from our diets long ago in the western food. But some people say that vitamin... more
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04/01/19

Are Gram negative bacteria classified as such because of their negative membrane potential?
Does the membrane potential usually quoted for Gram negative bacteria (e.g. E. coli) refer to the potential across both membranes? - If yes, then does the potential fall more over the inner or... more
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03/27/19

Hydrogen bonding in staggered vs eclipsed conformations?
In my first semester of organic chemistry, we learned that staggered conformations have lower energy/higher stability. However, my thought is that if you have interacting OH groups, the hydrogen... more
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03/27/19

What is the functional and structural distinction between core (H2A, H2B, H3,H4) and linker(H1/H5) histones?
Many explanations of histone biochemistry isn't quite elucidating for the undergraduate student. How does histone structure (dimers, octomers) relate to their specific functions as core or linker... more
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03/27/19

In mitochondria, what is the mechanism by which electrons are transferred between different cytochromes?
And how is the energy gained from the lowering of the "energy level" of the electron used to generate the chemiosmotic gradient?
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03/27/19

Membrane Permeability to Pyruvate?
Pyruvate seems to pass easily through the outer membrane of the mitochondrion but has difficulty entering the inner membrane (and gets in by H+ symport). I have two questions: (1) what property of... more
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Biochemistry Zoology Botany Nutrition

03/26/19

Raphide toxicity in Pothos plant?
Recently I found out that the common houseplant Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of "insoluble raphides." I have a lot of these plants around my house and my... more
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03/26/19

Where does the 'C' in exhaled CO₂ mostly come from?
When a human being exhales CO₂, what is, by the numbers, the main source of carbon atoms exiting the body in this way? I mean what class of cells, or which tissues are the biggest on a pie chart of... more
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03/26/19

Does any molecule other than DNA have a double-helical structure?
DNA is known to have a double-helical structure. Do any other molecules have this structure?
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03/26/19

NADH vs. NADPH: Where is each one used and why that instead of the other?
I know NADH is used in cellular respiration and NADPH is used in photosynthesis. What difference does the phosphate group make that the same one isn't or can't be used for both? Is there a greater... more
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03/26/19

Amino acid profile of GPCRs?
> You are studying cellular signalling through a newly identified GPCR. Specifically you’re working on a pair of newly identified GPCRs, GPCR-A and GPCR-B. Each binds the same small ligand, but... more
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Biochemistry Anatomy Symmetry Evolution

03/26/19

Why is the heart not in the middle of the body?
All mammals that I can think of have a high degree of bilateral symmetry (In fact, almost every animal I can think of is like this).So why is the human heart not exactly in the middle of the body?... more
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03/26/19

Why do 60S & 40S ribosomal subunits make an 80S ribosome (not 100S)?
Why do 60S & 40S subunits make an 80S (not 100S) ribosome and, similarly, 50S & 30S make 70S? 60+40 is not equal to 80, nor is 50+30 equal to 70, so why are the subunits of the 80S and 70S... more
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03/26/19

Photosynthesis: What Powers the Splitting of Water?
The splitting of water is an endergonic (non-spontaneous) reaction, and thus would require energy (chemical work to be done) in order to happen. In Photosystem II, an enzyme catalyzes this... more
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Biochemistry

03/25/19

How fast will cells lyse under hypotonic conditions?
Routinely, lysis of cells with hypotonic solutions is carried out along with some physical (douncing) or enzymatic (lysozyme) method to break open the cells. If one were not to do any of these and... more
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03/19/19

If that amount, from problem 7 , fills a room 500,000 L, then how many parts per million carbon dioxide are in the room? 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4L​
If that amount, from problem 7 (the amount is the propane balanced equation: C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O).
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03/19/19

How long does it take for a blocked dopamine receptor to be broken down by the body?
Do the blocked dopamine receptors get broken down by the body and if so how often ? In other words how long does it take for the dopamine receptors blocked by irreversible dopamine antagonists to... more
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03/19/19

Why antipyretics do not bring the body-temperature below normal?
Antipyretics like paracetamol are used to decrease the body-temperature in fever patients. But some of them are also used as pain-killers in sprain or other injuries (where there's no fever). In... more
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Biochemistry Pharmacology

03/19/19

What is the mechanism of action of lithium-induced polyuria?
I was reading in my pharmacology textbook on lithium in treating bipolar disorder, and I was curious to know if there was any specific action lithium takes to produce symptoms such as polyuria and... more
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03/18/19

How do single-celled predators chase other cells?
From my understanding, single celled organisms have been seen avoiding, and chasing, potential food or other organisms.How do they accomplish this? They do not have eyes or ears or a nervous... more
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Biochemistry Anatomy Neuroanatomy

03/18/19

How advanced is our understanding of the biochemistry and neuroanatomy of the brainstem?
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03/18/19

How, on a physical level, does ATP confer energy?
When ATP is used as the energy currency to make, say, reaction X + Y → Z happen, is what happens on a physical level down at the molecular scale that during the reaction---**ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi** ... more
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03/18/19

What is the purpose of the outer mitochondrial membrane?
The purpose of mitochondria is to generate ATP, utilising a chemiosmotic gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons are pumped out of the mitochondria into the intermembrane space,... more
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Biochemistry Ecology Nutrition

03/18/19

Do plants have preference for the form of nitrogen as nutrient?
In the nitrogen cycle (ecology), it is usually described that plants can use nitrogen in the form of ammonium. Do plants prefer one form of nitrogen over the other?
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Biochemistry Physiology

03/18/19

Why pouring salt in the wounds is painful?
Pouring salt in the wounds is so painful. I am sure you all experienced this. whats happend there?
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