1,699 Answered Questions for the topic biochemistry

03/26/19

Does any molecule other than DNA have a double-helical structure?
DNA is known to have a double-helical structure. Do any other molecules have this structure?
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03/26/19

NADH vs. NADPH: Where is each one used and why that instead of the other?
I know NADH is used in cellular respiration and NADPH is used in photosynthesis. What difference does the phosphate group make that the same one isn't or can't be used for both? Is there a greater... more
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03/26/19

Amino acid profile of GPCRs?
> You are studying cellular signalling through a newly identified GPCR. Specifically you’re working on a pair of newly identified GPCRs, GPCR-A and GPCR-B. Each binds the same small ligand, but... more
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Biochemistry Anatomy Symmetry Evolution

03/26/19

Why is the heart not in the middle of the body?
All mammals that I can think of have a high degree of bilateral symmetry (In fact, almost every animal I can think of is like this).So why is the human heart not exactly in the middle of the body?... more
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03/26/19

Why do 60S & 40S ribosomal subunits make an 80S ribosome (not 100S)?
Why do 60S & 40S subunits make an 80S (not 100S) ribosome and, similarly, 50S & 30S make 70S? 60+40 is not equal to 80, nor is 50+30 equal to 70, so why are the subunits of the 80S and 70S... more
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03/26/19

Photosynthesis: What Powers the Splitting of Water?
The splitting of water is an endergonic (non-spontaneous) reaction, and thus would require energy (chemical work to be done) in order to happen. In Photosystem II, an enzyme catalyzes this... more
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Biochemistry

03/25/19

How fast will cells lyse under hypotonic conditions?
Routinely, lysis of cells with hypotonic solutions is carried out along with some physical (douncing) or enzymatic (lysozyme) method to break open the cells. If one were not to do any of these and... more
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03/19/19

If that amount, from problem 7 , fills a room 500,000 L, then how many parts per million carbon dioxide are in the room? 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4L​
If that amount, from problem 7 (the amount is the propane balanced equation: C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O).
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03/19/19

How long does it take for a blocked dopamine receptor to be broken down by the body?
Do the blocked dopamine receptors get broken down by the body and if so how often ? In other words how long does it take for the dopamine receptors blocked by irreversible dopamine antagonists to... more
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03/19/19

Why antipyretics do not bring the body-temperature below normal?
Antipyretics like paracetamol are used to decrease the body-temperature in fever patients. But some of them are also used as pain-killers in sprain or other injuries (where there's no fever). In... more
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Biochemistry Pharmacology

03/19/19

What is the mechanism of action of lithium-induced polyuria?
I was reading in my pharmacology textbook on lithium in treating bipolar disorder, and I was curious to know if there was any specific action lithium takes to produce symptoms such as polyuria and... more
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03/18/19

How do single-celled predators chase other cells?
From my understanding, single celled organisms have been seen avoiding, and chasing, potential food or other organisms.How do they accomplish this? They do not have eyes or ears or a nervous... more
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Biochemistry Anatomy Neuroanatomy

03/18/19

How advanced is our understanding of the biochemistry and neuroanatomy of the brainstem?
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03/18/19

How, on a physical level, does ATP confer energy?
When ATP is used as the energy currency to make, say, reaction X + Y → Z happen, is what happens on a physical level down at the molecular scale that during the reaction---**ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi** ... more
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03/18/19

What is the purpose of the outer mitochondrial membrane?
The purpose of mitochondria is to generate ATP, utilising a chemiosmotic gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons are pumped out of the mitochondria into the intermembrane space,... more
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Biochemistry Ecology Nutrition

03/18/19

Do plants have preference for the form of nitrogen as nutrient?
In the nitrogen cycle (ecology), it is usually described that plants can use nitrogen in the form of ammonium. Do plants prefer one form of nitrogen over the other?
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Biochemistry Physiology

03/18/19

Why pouring salt in the wounds is painful?
Pouring salt in the wounds is so painful. I am sure you all experienced this. whats happend there?
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Biochemistry Botany Plant Physiology

03/18/19

Biological Nitrogen Fixation?
I just studied Biological Nitrogen Fixation and saw it's reaction but i do not understand why there is 8 electrons and 8 protons are involved and Hydrogen molecule is formed side by side along with... more
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03/15/19

What type of reaction is 2-Ethoxybutan-2-ol + ethanol

WhAt type of reaction is ethanol +  2-Ethoxybutan-2-ol?
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03/15/19

What is the mechanism behind "acquired" alcohol tolerance?
I can understand natural variation in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in a population leading to variation in rate of inebriation (after controlling for other variables -- e.g., mass, food consumption,... more
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Biochemistry Enzymes

03/15/19

Examples of enzymes working in reverse?
I have always been taught that enzymes can catalyze both the forward and reverse reaction, and will increase the reaction rate in both directions. I understand that the thermodynamics of the... more
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Biochemistry Metabolism Fat Metabolism

03/15/19

What is/are the molecular differences between HDL and LDL cholesterol?
Why exactly is HDL-cholesterol good for us and LDL-cholesterol bad for us. It has been well-established that LDL-cholesterol is associated with atherosclerosis and that HDL-cholesterol helps remove... more
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Biochemistry Enzymes Biophysics

03/15/19

Is the EC50 of an activating protein for an enzyme a good indicator for the binding affinity Kd?
We work with a membrane protein system where measuring the affinity between the enzyme and the upstream activating protein has been difficult, and when measured in detergent solution, it is almost... more
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Biochemistry Proteins Protein Folding

03/15/19

Differences Between Protein Motifs and Protein Domains?
I am in a 300-level molecular biology class and am unclear about this concept and how to delineate motifs versus domains of proteins. Any suggestions would be much obliged.
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Biochemistry Microbiology

03/15/19

Why don't antiseptic agents kill 100% germs?
I've seen innumerable antiseptic, mouthwash, handwash advertisements that claim to be able to eliminate as much as 99.9% of **all** germs over a surface...but why not the remaining 0.1% (i.e- why... more
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