1,722 Answered Questions for the topic biochemistry

04/09/19

Is HSV-vector-mediated miRNA expression in dorsal root ganglia stable?
My question is on the following article: "*[Reduction of voltage gated sodium channel protein in DRG by vector mediated miRNA reduces pain in rats with painful diabetic... more
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Biochemistry Ecology Climate Change

04/06/19

What are the ecological effects of moderately high and prolonged concentrations of nitrogen deposition on an ecosystem?
There are many sources of nitrogen which eventually get deposited out of the atmosphere and onto the land/surface. Typically higher levels of nitrogen compounds are emitted near urban and roadway... more
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04/05/19

What is the advantage of using plant-derived antibacterials rather than bacteria-derived antibacterials?
So obviously we have a big problem with antibiotic resistance. Most of our antibiotics originate from bacteria themselves (or are synthetic variations on scaffolds which originate from bacteria). I... more
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Biochemistry Enzymes Proteins

04/04/19

What effect has changing pH and salt concentration on protein complexes?
I'm struggling to find peer reviewed literature that explains the effect of changing the pH and the salt concentration on protein/protein complexes in solution. What effect does the pH and the salt... more
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04/04/19

Why does a "cascade" of events happen during signal transduction?
I've been watching some videos on signal transduction and it says that because there are enzymes being activated by the signal, then there is a "cascade" which happens afterwards...I don't... more
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04/03/19

How does paracetamol work?
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Biochemistry Chemistry

04/03/19

1.812 g of a crystallized a-amino acid (pka1=2.4, pka2=9.7) has a pH of 10.4 when dissolved in 100 mL of 0.1M NaOH. Calculate the molecular mass of this amino acid.
1.812 g of a crystallized a-amino acid (pka1=2.4, pka2=9.7) has a pH of 10.4 when dissolved in 100 mL of 0.1M NaOH. Calculate the molecular mass of this amino acid.
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04/03/19

How do ion channels transport only specific ions?
Ion channels, such as $Na^+$ channels and $K^+$ channels, are higly specific for ion permeability. But how do these channels achieve and maintain this specificity? Like how does a $K^+$ channel... more
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04/02/19

Is cancer caused by vitamin B17 deficiency?
I have read in an article on the internet that cancer is caused due to deficiency of vitamin B17 which has been removed from our diets long ago in the western food. But some people say that vitamin... more
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04/01/19

Are Gram negative bacteria classified as such because of their negative membrane potential?
Does the membrane potential usually quoted for Gram negative bacteria (e.g. E. coli) refer to the potential across both membranes? - If yes, then does the potential fall more over the inner or... more
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03/27/19

Hydrogen bonding in staggered vs eclipsed conformations?
In my first semester of organic chemistry, we learned that staggered conformations have lower energy/higher stability. However, my thought is that if you have interacting OH groups, the hydrogen... more
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03/27/19

What is the functional and structural distinction between core (H2A, H2B, H3,H4) and linker(H1/H5) histones?
Many explanations of histone biochemistry isn't quite elucidating for the undergraduate student. How does histone structure (dimers, octomers) relate to their specific functions as core or linker... more
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03/27/19

In mitochondria, what is the mechanism by which electrons are transferred between different cytochromes?
And how is the energy gained from the lowering of the "energy level" of the electron used to generate the chemiosmotic gradient?
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03/27/19

Membrane Permeability to Pyruvate?
Pyruvate seems to pass easily through the outer membrane of the mitochondrion but has difficulty entering the inner membrane (and gets in by H+ symport). I have two questions: (1) what property of... more
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03/26/19

PSI-BLAST website algorithm parameters?
http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgiIn this website, when I want to apply the psi-blast algorithm on a sequence, under the section of algorithm parameters , what does PSI-BLAST threshold mean?... more
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Biochemistry Zoology Botany Nutrition

03/26/19

Raphide toxicity in Pothos plant?
Recently I found out that the common houseplant Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of "insoluble raphides." I have a lot of these plants around my house and my... more
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03/26/19

Where does the 'C' in exhaled CO₂ mostly come from?
When a human being exhales CO₂, what is, by the numbers, the main source of carbon atoms exiting the body in this way? I mean what class of cells, or which tissues are the biggest on a pie chart of... more
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03/26/19

Does any molecule other than DNA have a double-helical structure?
DNA is known to have a double-helical structure. Do any other molecules have this structure?
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03/26/19

NADH vs. NADPH: Where is each one used and why that instead of the other?
I know NADH is used in cellular respiration and NADPH is used in photosynthesis. What difference does the phosphate group make that the same one isn't or can't be used for both? Is there a greater... more
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03/26/19

Amino acid profile of GPCRs?
> You are studying cellular signalling through a newly identified GPCR. Specifically you’re working on a pair of newly identified GPCRs, GPCR-A and GPCR-B. Each binds the same small ligand, but... more
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Biochemistry Anatomy Symmetry Evolution

03/26/19

Why is the heart not in the middle of the body?
All mammals that I can think of have a high degree of bilateral symmetry (In fact, almost every animal I can think of is like this).So why is the human heart not exactly in the middle of the body?... more
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03/26/19

Why do 60S & 40S ribosomal subunits make an 80S ribosome (not 100S)?
Why do 60S & 40S subunits make an 80S (not 100S) ribosome and, similarly, 50S & 30S make 70S? 60+40 is not equal to 80, nor is 50+30 equal to 70, so why are the subunits of the 80S and 70S... more
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03/26/19

Photosynthesis: What Powers the Splitting of Water?
The splitting of water is an endergonic (non-spontaneous) reaction, and thus would require energy (chemical work to be done) in order to happen. In Photosystem II, an enzyme catalyzes this... more
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Biochemistry

03/25/19

How fast will cells lyse under hypotonic conditions?
Routinely, lysis of cells with hypotonic solutions is carried out along with some physical (douncing) or enzymatic (lysozyme) method to break open the cells. If one were not to do any of these and... more
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03/19/19

If that amount, from problem 7 , fills a room 500,000 L, then how many parts per million carbon dioxide are in the room? 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4L​
If that amount, from problem 7 (the amount is the propane balanced equation: C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O).
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