234 Answered Questions for the topic Cell Biology

06/15/19

Are Gram negative bacteria classified as such because of their negative membrane potential?
Does the membrane potential usually quoted for Gram negative bacteria (*e.g.*, *E. coli*) refer to the potential across both membranes? - If yes, then does the potential fall more over the inner or... more
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06/13/19

Constant or variable number of chiasmata during recombination?
During recombination, is the number of chiasmata consistent for each gamete and are the chiasmata regions consistent within a single organism?
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Cell Biology Biology Cell Membrane

06/12/19

Can in the case of multiple sclerosis (MS), a too high osmotic pressure in the nerve, lead to a high intracellular concentration of potassium?
Can in the case of multiple sclerosis (MS),a too high osmotic pressure in the nerve, lead to a high intracellular concentration of potassium,and also lead to 'pumping up' of nerve cells,which then... more
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06/12/19

Is there a practical upper limit to ploidy?
In my AP Biology class, we were discussing polyploidy, specifically, its deleterious nature in mammals and its prevalence in plants. We also learned that commercial crops, especially fruit, are... more
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Cell Biology Biology Homework Osmosis

06/12/19

What happens to the red blood cell in CaCl₂ solution?
Here's the problem:One red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution of NaCl, another isplaced in a solution of CaCl<sub>2</sub> equimolar with the NaCl solution. Whatwould you... more
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Cell Biology Biology Human Physiology

06/12/19

Cytokine responsiveness?
Why is it that cytokine responsiveness is less in progenitor cells than their ancestors(stem cells)? What will be the benefit of such reduction in responsiveness?
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06/11/19

Where do all the NAD+s come from?
In the mitochondrial respiration (of plant cells) NADH is reduced from Nad+ as part of the TCA (converting malate to oxaleoacetate). But where do the NAD+s come from? The TCA cycle is working even... more
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Cell Biology Biology Botany Histology

06/10/19

Tissue identification in vascular bundle sections?
I always have trouble differentiating the tissues in a vascular bundle. I specially cannot properly identify the vascular cambium and phloem. I know xylem vessel elements are large cells with... more
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06/09/19

Breakdown of energy expenditure at the level of a single cell?
The metabolic rate measures how much energy an organism **expends** over a unit of time. Its breakdown for the human body in terms of its functions is well documented : so much for the heart, for... more
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Cell Biology Biology Meiosis Evolution

06/08/19

Randomness in living systems?
The point of my question is not to talk about events that are uncontrolled by living organisms. My question is about controlled randomness, or I'd like to say adaptive random process. Process that... more
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Cell Biology Biology Cell Membrane

06/08/19

Are nucleic acids found in cell membranes?
I've found various results online and I was recently marked in on an important test as wrong when I made the assumption they were not found in the cell membrane. Does anyone know what the correct... more
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Cell Biology Biology Apoptosis Autophagy

06/08/19

why do some cells in the body prefer necrosis to apoptosis as a means of cell death?
There are many programmed cell death pathways, but some cells show a greater preference for some over the other. I'm wondering as to why if necrosis is an inflammatory response that causes damage... more
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Cell Biology Biology Cell Membrane

06/08/19

How do detergents get in hydrophobic membrane interior?
According to *Molecular And Cellular Biology* (Stephen L. Wolfe),> Membranes disperse almost instantaneously if exposed to a nonpolar environment or to ***detergents***, which are amphipathic... more
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Cell Biology Biology

06/07/19

What is the consistency of cytosol?
Imagine you somehow got a cup of pure cytosol. What would be its consistency? That is, how thick, how sticky, and how viscous would it be?
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06/07/19

How was gene therapy able to cure diseases through the transformation of actively dividing cells?
I thought that gene therapy, when performed on target cells that regenerate themselves constantly, can be effective for a limited time only. I.e., the effect gradually wears off after a while,... more
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06/05/19

How much time does it take for the naive T Cell to get activated?
Suppose a naive T cell comes in contact with an APC. How much time does it take for the T Cell to get activated and within how much time does the T cell move away from the APC due to... more
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Cell Biology Biology Bioinformatics

06/05/19

positive and negative feedback?
I want to know more about positive feedback in gene regulation and to know the similarity and differences between positive and negative feedbacks.
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06/05/19

Transport of newly synthesized proteins to cellular organelles?
In the nucleus the DNA is transcribed and processed to mRNA which is translated into proteins in the cytoplasm. What happens between the time a protein is made and that when it reaches the cellular... more
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06/05/19

Why do Kupffer cells not attack malarial sporozoites?
During malaria, why don't Kupffer cells (hepatic macrophages) attack the _Plasmodium_ sporozoites and stop schizogony, thus saving us from the disease?
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06/04/19

What is our skin made up of?
Again, it is a basic question. What is our skin made up of? is it made up of many cells arranged in a systematic way or is it just like any layer say of a book?? what is the difference? where is... more
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06/03/19

How can a ligand be an integral membrane protein?
My background is in mathematics, and not biology, so please bear with me. I am currently working on a project involving the effects of Epidermal growth factor treatment (EGF) on cell migration. I... more
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06/02/19

How can a polar molecule pass through polar channels of proteins in the cell membrane?
To transport a polar molecule through the nonpolar cell membrane, a protein with a polar channel is needed to allow it to diffuse. However, if the molecule is polar and the channel is polar,... more
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Cell Biology Biology Cancer

06/01/19

What are the sizes of the cells that make up human hair?
The question is in the title, but I'll explain why the question arose. I'm curious about the rates that various cells in the body divide, and have found various information relating to this, but... more
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06/01/19

How do cells relocate transmembrane proteins from one side of the cell to the other? Is it possible?
Is there a process by which cells can relocate proteins residing on the cell membrane in areas of low demand to that of a high demand location somewhere else in on the cell? What's that process... more
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Cell Biology Biology Biochemistry Cancer

06/01/19

Is there any disease in adult human, other-than cancer, which-is resulted from mutation?
On all environmental articles I read about 3 impacts of mutagens (say Cigarette/ Naphthalene/ EtBr/ Colchicine/ ionizing radiation/ whatever )...**1**. direct effect on tissues, other than... more
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