402 Answered Questions for the topic pharmacology

03/28/19

If a human takes antibiotics are all bacteria in the body killed?
From my basic understanding, antibiotics kill living things, bacteria for example.Do the antibiotics consumed by a human-being distinguish between what they kill? Or do they just kill every... more
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Pharmacology Pain

03/27/19

How does Tylenol relieve pain without making me drowsy?
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Pharmacology Chemistry

03/27/19

What is the chemistry of AMLODIPINE hydrochlorthiazide and telmisartan
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Pharmacology

03/27/19

Why is Paracetamol so great?
Every time I get ill (cold, flu etc) I take a couple of these wonderful tablets for up to 4 times a day and I, eventually, get better. What exactly is paracetamol? Why is it so effective and is... more
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03/27/19

Why do vaccines cause your arm to hurt?
When you get a shot for a vaccine (for example, the annual flu vaccine), the nurse frequently indicates that your arm will ache for a day or two, maybe more. This ache is typically not just a pain... more
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Pharmacology Neurotransmitter

03/27/19

Do mammals develop tolerance to anticholinergics?
I know that *first generation* H1 antagonists, commonly known as antihistamines have anticholinergic effects. Their sedative side effects go away due to tolerance, but as for their anticholinergic... more
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03/27/19

How to make GABA pass the blood brain barrier?
I thought of methylating GABA at the gamma amino group in order to make it pass the blood brain barrier, but would it work?The goal is to make a sedative. Like GHB or benzodiazepines (I know that... more
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Pharmacology

03/26/19

How do you study for pharmacology?

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03/26/19

Can neurotransmitter depletion cause short-term drug tolerance?
**I'm curious to know if neurotransmitter degradation factors into drug tolerance and neural conduction and, if so, to what extent.** As I recall from textbooks I read as an undergrad, one... more
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Pharmacology Anatomy

03/26/19

Why do some drugs require you to take them in an "upright position"?
A friend of mine was taking the supplement Metamucil and on the container it says to take in an "upright position." Why would this be necessary? Doesn't your digestive system push food/liquid... more
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Pharmacology Neuroscience Toxicology

03/26/19

Why is Botulinum toxin the most potent poison known?
Botulinum toxin (trade name Botox) inhibits acetylcholine release in neurons and causes botulism, an acute paralytic disease which leads to nerve degeneration and takes a long time to recover. I've... more
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Pharmacology Mutations Virology

03/26/19

How does taking drugs speed up the development of drug resistant or viruses?
First, here is what I know:Some infectious illnesses, such as HIV or Hepatitis B, can be treated with the help of some drugs. The problem is that the virus sometimes undergoes mutations which grant... more
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03/26/19

Why are pharmacology studies so experimental?
I am a med student, and as far as I see from our pharmacology lectures, pharmacologists work almost completely experimental. Quite typically they take a substance (e.g., from nature), they add,... more
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Pharmacology Prescription Medications

03/25/19

Splitting pills in half?
Sometimes a physician will instruct the patient to reduce the dosage of a prescription medication by 50%.Obviously, if the tablet has an enteric coating, or is in a special encapsulation (such as... more
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Pharmacology Human Eye

03/19/19

Does a mydriatic drug neutralize the action of a miotic?
If a person were administered a mydriatic, would the subsequent application of a miotic neutralize the action of the former? If the sequence were reversed would a mydriatic neutralize the effect of... more
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Pharmacology Biology

03/19/19

What is the difference between a pharmacist and a pharmacologist?
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03/19/19

How long does it take for a blocked dopamine receptor to be broken down by the body?
Do the blocked dopamine receptors get broken down by the body and if so how often ? In other words how long does it take for the dopamine receptors blocked by irreversible dopamine antagonists to... more
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03/19/19

Why has malaria only now started to develop resistance against artemisinin?
Why has malaria only now started to develop resistance against artemisinin, considering the compound has been in use for about two millennia in its herbal form in China?
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Pharmacology Anatomy Human Anatomy

03/19/19

How much smaller is the diffusivity of a molecule in the retina as opposed to the vitreous of the eye?
I'm interested in the diffusivity of macromolecules inside the mammalian retina, relative to the vitreous. For example is the diffusion coefficient for a macromolecule (protein, 50-150 kDa for... more
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Pharmacology Alcohol Liver Toxicology

03/19/19

Can the liver prioritize its metabolizing potential?
Let's assume we have two toxins - one of which is routinely metabolized by the liver, and the other is new to the organism (consider for example alcohol in a heavy drinker and any other drug that... more
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03/19/19

Long term effects of an allergy pill? Loratadine?
Are there any studies/effects of long term use of an allergy pill? I use Loratadine to help control my environmental allergies but I'm concerned about it being an every-day thing. Am I facing any... more
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03/19/19

Why antipyretics do not bring the body-temperature below normal?
Antipyretics like paracetamol are used to decrease the body-temperature in fever patients. But some of them are also used as pain-killers in sprain or other injuries (where there's no fever). In... more
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Pharmacology Physiology Human Biology

03/19/19

Are there any situations in which phenylephrine is preferred to pseudoephedrine?
In the mid 2000s in the US, due to issues of drug enforcement, pseudoephedrine containing medications were brought behind the pharmacy counter and in most cases require ID, and phenylephrine was... more
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03/19/19

Is there anyone discovered new drugs by actively create mutations in drug-producing organism?
Recently I was reading about drug discovery.As far as I know, there are currently 2 sources of creating new compounds by:- Screening from natural sources.- Synthesizing by add/remove/replace-ing... more
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Pharmacology Biochemistry

03/19/19

What is the mechanism of action of lithium-induced polyuria?
I was reading in my pharmacology textbook on lithium in treating bipolar disorder, and I was curious to know if there was any specific action lithium takes to produce symptoms such as polyuria and... more
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