402 Answered Questions for the topic pharmacology

05/22/19

Why does caffeine give you so much energy, while being so low on calories?
There's definitely something I'm missing here.Since calories is a unit of measurement for energy, and caffeine seemingly gives you a lot, how can the labels on caffeinated products have such a low... more
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05/22/19

What can the variability of strength be between different brands of supposedly identical medications?
I remember reading that medications are within allowable specs if the contain +/- 30% of the labelled strength. I can't find the source of that information in order to check its validity.If that... more
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05/22/19

Is there a technical term for the phenomenon known as "brain zaps"?
Many people (especially those who take antidepressants), including myself, are familiar with the experience of what has been called "brain zaps". I was not aware that the sensation had a name or... more
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Pharmacology Human Biology

05/22/19

Why Does Salt Water Help Sore Throats?
I am having some trouble understanding how salt water, a simple solution, could so effectively remove the pains of a sore throat. I do believe that the answer is closely related to hypo/hyper-tonic... more
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Pharmacology

05/22/19

Does Ritilin, or other AD/HD medication, abuse increase college students ability to study?
In colleges abuse of ritalin, or any of the newer AD/HD medications within the similar family of stimulants, is quite common. The belief is that it will assist those without AD/HD when studying,... more
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Pharmacology

05/22/19

Can ingestion of B6 cause gastrointestinal disturbance?
Can the ingestion of vitamin B6 upset the stomach, and if so by what mechanism?
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05/21/19

Does body fat percentage effect storage of fat soluble compounds?
Would a person with a higher body fat percentage store more of a fat soluble compound, or store for a longer time, than a person with a lower body fat percentage if they both consumed the same... more
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05/20/19

How much food is necessary to buffer the stomach when taking medicine?
Very often, doctors or pharmacists will advise patients to take certain pills with food to "act as a buffer" so the patient is less likely to get a stomach ache from taking the pill.How much food... more
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05/20/19

Do spinal cord reflexes (such as the knee-jerk reflex) continue to function under general anaesthesia?
The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a stretch reflex. Stretch reflexes are monosynaptic reflexes happening in the spinal cord without involvement of the brain.Does it mean that this reflex will... more
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05/19/19

How does immunosuppressant affect immune system?
Does it kill all white cells? Does it reduce the number of white blood cells? Or does it just prevent them from doing their function? What if a virus entered my body?\r
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Pharmacology Pain Medications Headache

05/19/19

How does Ponstan treat headaches?
I was having a headache and it remained this way for 3 to 4 hours. Then I took "Ponstan" . My headache was completely gone immediately.What active ingredient is in Ponstan and how does it work?... more
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Pharmacology Action Potential

05/19/19

If a blocker prevents repolarization, will the neuron be stuck in a depolarized state forever?
Potassium channels help to repolarize the cell after depolarization. But if the potassium channels are blocked, potassium ions cannot flow out of the cell to increase the membrane potential. Thus,... more
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05/18/19

Why do different pain killers have different effects on people?
I've noticed some pain killers working great for me, while others have no effect. I doubt there is much of a placebo effect at work, since most of these either did or did not work when I first took... more
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05/15/19

Is there a specific mechanism for the delivery of pain medication?
For example, when one takes aspirin or ibuprofen does the chemical get dispersed to all pain receptor? My question really is, how does the chemical know where to target in the body? I figure... more
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Pharmacology Pathology

05/15/19

How do antibiotics create drug-resistant strains?
I've heard for years that low-level use of antibiotics causes the spread of drug-resistant strains of bacteria, but the explanations always fall short. I understand mutations and natural... more
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Pharmacology

05/15/19

Is there any completely Computation Drug ever launched in market?
I am working in bioinformatics(part of it in Drug Designing) for years, still if I have no idea about it. As it is too hard to prove (Pass all Clinical trials) and get FDA Approvals.So, My question... more
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05/15/19

Blood draw from the elderly or those with tiny veins?
A lot of people have very small veins making it next to impossible to draw blood. Would a nitroglycerin tablet (or some other vasodilator) before drawing blood help to enlarge veins?
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05/15/19

What is the benefit of fever during infections?
When people get sick, they often develop a fever. What is the effect of an increased body temperature on viruses and bacteria in the body? Is it beneficial to the infected body? Importantly, often... more
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05/15/19

Are OTC pain medications safer than prescriptions?
Are pain medications that I can buy Over the Counter (OTC) any safer than prescriptions I receive from a doctor to manage pain? Why are some pain medications OTC and others only available by a... more
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05/14/19

How does paracetamol interfere with immune system?
Paracetamol is used to reduce body temperature when it is to high. The high body temperature (fever) is known to be an indication that immune system fights against an infection.In this context I... more
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Pharmacology Antibiotics Medications

05/14/19

Effect of milk on effectiveness of oral tetracycline?
Tetracycline is known to be inhibited by calcium ions, and milk contains quite some calcium ions. What I want to ask is, to what extent does drinking milk affect the effectiveness of orally taken... more
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Pharmacology

05/14/19

Preventing paracetamol overdose?
Paracetamol overdose is one of the most common drug toxicities. It may be treated by intravenous N-acetylcysteine which replaces the glutathione that is used up in paracetamol metabolism to prevent... more
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Pharmacology Cognition Neuroscience

05/14/19

Does caffeine actually enhance cognition?
I have heard, respectively: - Caffeine measurably enhances cognitive function. - Caffeine does not measurably enhance cognitive function in any significant way. - Caffeine enhances cognitive... more
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Pharmacology Medicine

05/12/19

Homeopathy is placebo, but isn't placebo good?
I never considered homeopathy as a serious and scientific medicine, and now we have plenty of evidence supporting this... more
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05/12/19

Why is thalidomide a current drug on the market?
Given the thalidomide birth defect disaster of the 1960s, why was it later approved by the U.S. FDA for treatment of leprosy (1996) and of multiple myeloma (2006)? Presumably, the teratogenic... more
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