HELP WITH BIOLOGY QUESTIONS ITS URGENT

Question

-What does it mean that individual "1" is shaded?

-How are persons 1 and 8 related to each other?

-Which two people are not genetically related to this family?

-also The pedigree above represents the abnormal allele which causes sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease causes red blood cells to contort into a sickle shape. The cells die early, leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anemia), and can block blood flow causing pain (sickle cell crisis). It is a recessive allele. If  we use "N" to represent normal hemoglobin, and "n" to represent the sickling hemoglobin, what is the genotype of individual number 1? (choose from below)



NN

Nn

nn

1 could be either Nn or nn

-The pedigree above represents the abnormal allele which causes sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease causes red blood cells to contort into a sickle shape. The cells die early, leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anemia), and can block blood flow causing pain (sickle cell crisis). It is a recessive allele. If  we use "N" to represent normal hemoglobin, and "n" to represent the sickling hemoglobin, what is the genotype of individual number 5? (choose from below)

5 is most likely NN

Nn

nn

5 could be Nn or NN

Answer 1

hello

in a pedigree analysis chart shaded individual means the individual has been affected by the genetic disease the chart has been drawn for

sickle cell anemia is a autosomal recessive disorder so therefore for individual to be affected it has to be homozygous recessive

individual one is affected so nn

individual 5 on the other hand can either be Nn or NN as he is not affected but further on in line his grandchildren got affected