What cells or chemicals are involved in acute inflammation and immune response during infections?

Question

When studying the physiology of the immune system and inflammation The cells involved are derived from the plasma portion of blood and the most common are neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and Monocytes. In addition there are also biochemical mediators that are of the Prostaglandin family, Leutorens, complement, and histamine and Nitric oxide and Thromboxanes to name a few.

I’m happy to review or discuss cell biology and physiology and biochemical cells to anyone who would like to learn the inflammation response in the body on a medical level.

And yes, yes there are many “immune cells” that are mediated to travel (through Transmigration) to the area of acute inflammation. Furthermore, besides rolling, Adhesion, Transmigration.

This concept, which in scientific terms is called chemotaxis and involves interleukin Number 8, and two other mediators- C5a And LTB4, who recruit the neutrophil cells to the area of inflammation or infection site.

On a further note, it should be learned that there are many subtypes of interleukins, and each has its own function. For example, another Interleukin in the immune system process of fever, includes IL-1 in addition to Tumor necrosis factor and Prostaglandin GE2.

Any further immune system or questions on how the inflammation and infection response mechanisms work in the body please don’t hesitate to message me! I love Immunology!

Answer 1

There are many different types of biochemicals involved in acute phase response and reactions. Each has a specific role. There are common markers that occur in nearly all types of acute inflammation

-proteins made by WBC's for response to trauma/infection

-TNFa (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha)

-Most know for stimulating the hypothamus to:increase body core temperature and decrease appetite,

-mostly responsible for the 'flu-like' feeling during acute illness.

-Also stimulates release of cortisol and increases insulin resistance

-IFNy(Interferon gamma)

-Released by predominantly lymphocytes

-Encourages Vasodilation (through iNOS)

-Encourages healthy cell upregulation of MHC molecules (for presentation of antigen to immune cells)

-promotes leukocyte adhesion/migration towards the source of the cells releasing it.

-Encourages somatic cells to release proteins needed for antiviral effects

-IL-1B (interleukine one Beta)

-Released by Macrophages

-Encourages apoptosis (perferably in diseased somatic cells, but to a certain degree indiscriminately)

-Up-regulates COX (cyclo-oxygenase) enzymes and bradykinin encouraging complement pathways

-Changes membrane potential of nerves, associated with decreased pain threshold in ani njured/infected area