Asked • 03/18/19

Right answer from comprehension?

From the passage I have to answer the following question:> According to the passage, which of the following was an important source of revenue in medieval France?> 1. Cheese 2. Wool 3. Olive oil 4. Veal 5. WineThe given answer is 5 (wine), but there is no clue for that answer. I guessed _olive oil_ because it has relation with land. Is it right?> Agricultural progress provided the stimulus necessary to set off> economic expansion in medieval France. As long as those who worked the> land were barely able to ensure their own subsistence and that of> their landlords, all other activities had to be minimal, but when food> surpluses increased, it became possible to release more people for> governmental, commercial, religious and cultural pursuits. > > However, not all the funds from the agricultural surplus were actually available> for commercial investment. Much of the surplus, in> the form of food increases, probably went to raise the subsistence> level; an additional amount, in the form of currency gained from the> sale of food, went into the royal treasury to be used in waging war.> Although Louis VII of France levied a less crushing tax burden on his> subjects than did England’s Henry II, Louis VII did spend great sums> on an unsuccessful crusade, and his vassals-both lay and> ecclesiastic-took over spending where their sovereign stopped. Surplus> funds were claimed both by the Church and by feudal landholders,> whereupon cathedrals and castles mushroomed throughout France. > > The simultaneous progress of cathedral building and, for instance, vineyard> expansion in Bordeaux illustrates the very real> competition for available capital between the Church and commercial> interests; the former produced inestimable moral and artistic riches,> but the latter had a stronger immediate impact upon gross national> product. Moreover, though all wars by definition are defensive, the> frequent crossings of armies that lived off the land and impartially> burned all the huts and barns on their path consumed considerable> resources. > > Since demands on the agricultural surplus would have varied from year> to year, we cannot precisely calculate their impact on the> commercial growth of medieval France. But we must bear that impact in> mind when estimating the assets that were likely to have been> available for investment. No doubt castle and cathedral building was> not totally barren of profit (for the builders, that is), and it> produced intangible dividends of material and moral satisfaction for> the community. Even wars handed back a fragment of what they took, at> least to a few. Still, we cannot place on the same plane a primarily> destructive activity and a constructive one, nor expect the same> results from a new bell tower as from a new water mill. Above all,> medieval France had little room for investment over and above the> preservation of life. Granted that war cost much less than it does> today, that the Church rendered all sorts of educational and> recreational services that were unobtainable elsewhere, and that> government was far less demanding than is the modern> state-nevertheless, for medieval men and women, supporting commercial> development required considerable economic sacrifice.

1 Expert Answer

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Rebekah N. answered • 04/06/19

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