It sounds like you are talking about faith here, specifically religious faith. Doubting in faith, is common. However, the assumption is that a person will utilize their pastor or priest to discuss these doubts with them. They pastor or priest should be able to help you with any doubts.
The definition of doubt according to https://www.dictionary.com is:
"to be uncertain about; consider questionable or unlikely; hesitate to believe" (Retrieved 10/07/2024)
The definition of believe according to https://www.dictionary.com is:
"to have confidence in the truth, the existence, or the reliability of something, although without absolute proof that one is right in doing so" (Retrieved 10/07/2024)
Therefore, the answer is yes, that having doubts interferes with believing something to be true even without definitive proof.