This question asks what connection Doug makes. A connection in literature would explain how Doug connected this to his own life (this reminds me of when *** happened to me last year.) It can also explain how Doug connected this to something that happened in the world.
A compound sentence is two sentences (independent clauses) joined with a comma and a conjunction or semicolon.
Two independent clauses: This is a hard assignment. I don't like it.
Compound sentence: This is a hard assignment, and I don't like it.
A complex sentence is an independent clause (sentence) and a dependent clause (a sentence that starts with a subordinating conjunction).
Independent clause: Would you consider doing my homework for me?
Independent clause: You are nice.
If you add the word "because" ("because" is a subordinating conjunction) to an independent clause, it makes the clause dependent.
Complex: Because you are nice, would you consider doing my homework for me?
Hope that helps.
Shelley