I am reading about the First Barbary War from both Swedish and American perspective. I have [what I believe to be a very reliable source in Swedish](http://books.google.com/books?id=dSw5AQAAIAAJ&vq=1801&hl=zh-TW&pg=PA424#v=onepage&q&f=false), and it says that the Pascha of Tripoli declared war upon the USA on 9 January 1801. But when you read other sources, such as Wikipedia, it claims that the war was declared by the Pascha 10 May 1801.
It's an important difference since Jefferson was inaugurated 4 March 1801. That is, either the war was declared before Jefferson became president, or Jefferson had it declared by refusing to pay as president. Was the start of the First Barbary War a result of John Adam's presidency, or a decision made by Thomas Jefferson once he was president? Where can I read more about these crucial months late 1800 - mid 1801?
Primary sources indicate that the Bashaw/Pascha declared war in May, but had declared his treaty with the US null in March. See Naval letters of the Barbary Wars, pp. 425 & 498. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x004116176&view=1up&seq=498
As of March, the Bashaw was still making his demands of tribute from the US, which Jefferson declined.
I have found a reliable source that will help you with the answers you are looking for: https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/first-barbary-war. According to this source, Jefferson inherited the problems from Adams when he was inaugurated as president. The source also provides a full timeline of the events.
Nick K.
07/03/19