Could you help me to understand this sentence?

Question

> Certainly we will, said Glaucon; and in a few minutes Polemarchus appeared, **and with him Adeimantus, Glaucon's brother, Niceratus the son of Nicias, and several others who had been at the procession.** - The Republic of PlatoIt's difficult to read.Q1. Whom does the pronoun "him" refer to in the first sentence?1) Polemarchus 2) Adeimantus: According to appostion (him Adeimantus). 3) Who else? Q2. I know there should be at least one verb after conjunction 'add' when it is used to start a new sentence or clause that continues or adds to a previous sentence or clause., but there isn't any verb after "and" in this sentence. Is it okay?Q3. What is the grammar of "and with him Adeimantus"? The form is noun after noun (him Adeimantus) but it doesn't look like apposition. Because I think the pronoun "him" refers to Polemarchus.Q4. What on earth the meaning of "**and with him Adeimantus, Glaucon's brother, Niceratus the son of Nicias, and several others who had been at the procession.**"1) Polemarchus appeared with Adeimantus, Glaucon's brother, Niceratus and others. : I just presumed. I have no idea about grammatical problems.2) What else?

Answer 1

Hello!

(Q1) "Him" refers to Polemarchus. (Q2) Yes, "and" is correct as used. The verb is "appeared." (Q3) You're correct, it is apposition, with noun after noun.

(Q4) The meaning is that, after a few minutes, Polemarchus appeared accompanied by Adeimantus (Glaucon's brother), Niceratus (the son of Nicias), and several others who had been at the procession.

Your take on it is correct. Hope this helps.

Answer 2

I will try to explain how I interpret this reading. 'Certainly we will, said Galucon' is one of two sentences to be joined by a conjunction, 'and'. The semi-colon is used because there are a plethora of commas in the rest of this sentence. 'and with him Adeimantus, Glaucon's brother, Niceratus, the son of Nicias, and several others who had been at the procession.' In parallel construction of prepositional phrases, each qualified name is set off with commas (because you can take out the qualifiers such as 'brother' or 'son' and still have a valid sentence structure. So 'Niceratus, the son of Nicias,' also includes a comma after 'Niceratus' which wasn't noted in your quote.

The him refers back to the name, Polemarchus. The name Polemarchus appears before that of the other listed men in the main sentence joined by the conjunction, and. The third comma used confirms this fact. In order to discover 'who else', one would have to read about the 'procession', most probably. Maybe these names were listed previously in the historical passage when the procession occurred. It is understood that the verb 'appeared' applies to the whole sentence. 'And with him' and 'several others' would be diagrammed and joined by the conjunction 'and' under the main idea, Polemarchus appeared. 'And with him...' is a prepositional phrase that follows the 'understood' verb, appeared. I hope this explanation makes more sense to you.