Biology Chromosomes and Genetics

Question

Explain why genetic variation is being provided in the gametes produced in crossing over of homologous chromosomes and homologous pairs of chromosomes

Answer 1

Genetic variation is a result of crossing over, which is why it occurs in gamete cells and not somatic cells. When somatic cells undergo cell division, they do not participate in crossing over because the end goal of somatic cell division is two identical daughter cells. Crossing over of homologous chromosomes is essential for gamete production because it results in increased genetic diversity. During crossing over, one chromosome exchanges genetic material (from the same position) with another homologous chromosome, creating a unique, hybrid chromosome. This genetic diversity is essential for ensuring genes are passed on in a way that follows the principles of fitness and evolution.