What are the two major mechanisms through which cell signaling leads to a change in cell behavior?

Question

What are the two major mechanisms through which cell signaling leads to a change in cell behavior?

Answer 1

Cell signaling can lead to many cellular responses. One common result of signal transduction is the activation of transcription factors leading to gene expression. Another common outcome of signaling includes stimulating metabolic pathways or the cell cycle. Other cellular responses include triggering apoptosis, cell migration, and endocytosis (ie. phagocytosis).