How were Opening Titles and End Credits created before Computers?

Question

I've always wondered how Opening Titles and End Credits in the movies were created before Computers existed?

Answer 1

Usually, credit sequences were just filmed. The information was put in a rolling drum, which was turned a the camera whirred. More elaborate scenes -- not just the cast and crew lists -- were also filmed, often using special effects like mattes, zooms, composites, animation, and special work in the laboratory.

Check out the opening credits for Hitchcock's Psycho and Vertigo, designed by the great Saul Bass!