Why is the combined secretion of glucagon, epinephrine, and Cortisol effective in raising blood glucose level?

Answer 1

These hormones are called the hormones of contra-regulatoin, which means they have a common function that works against insulin, they raise blood glucose.

They are all effective combined or seperated, however in the body there is never an absolute secretion of one hormone and a lack of the other one, they are secreted at a certain level at a certain time. These times are well-fed (absorptive) state, Postabsorptive state, and Prolonged fast or Starvation.

Epinephrine is the hormone of Fight of flight: secreted during acute insult/ stress for the body. It increases glucose via its action on muscle and adipose tissue, rapidly replaced by cortisol in late postabsorptive state/ early starvation phase.

During prolonged fasting, the hormone mainly responsible on maintaining blood glucose in cortisol, its action is on the muscles, adipose tissue and liver, it stops the secretion of insulin, and stimulates effectively gluconeogenesis. Glucagon, however, is the only one who can act on the liver, stimulates glycogenolyse, gluconeogenesis.

To summarize:

Answer 2

These hormones are called the hormones of contra-regulatoin, which means they have a common function that works against insulin, they raise blood glucose.

They are all effective combined or seperated, however in the body there is never an absolute secretion of one hormone and a lack of the other one, they are secreted at a certain level at a certain time. These times are well-fed (absorptive) state, Postabsorptive state, and Prolonged fast or Starvation.

Epinephrine is the hormone of Fight of flight: secreted during acute insult/ stress for the body. It increases glucose via its action on muscle and adipose tissue, rapidly replaced by cortisol in late postabsorptive state/ early starvation phase.

During prolonged fasting, the hormone mainly responsible on maintaining blood glucose in cortisol, its action is on the muscles, adipose tissue and liver, it stops the secretion of insulin, and stimulates effectively gluconeogenesis. Glucagon, however, is the only one who can act on the liver, stimulates glycogenolyse, gluconeogenesis.

The high level of epinephrine, glucagon and low level of insulin stimulates proteolysis and lipolysis to provides respectively amino acids and fatty acids, which are going to be uptaken by the liver, to synthesis glucose by cortisol in gluconeogenesis.

To summarize:

Glucose from glycogen of the liver by glucagon.

Epinephrine action on the muscle and adipose tissue, provides glucose indirectly via AA, FA in the liver, by cortisol in gluconeogenesis cycle.