Thank you for asking this question! Public sentiment represents the most important factor that helps us break this question down.
You want to identify how each individual (be it Rachel Carson, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Thomas Edison, or someone else) engaged in certain kinds of research and tabulated their findings.
Was the research itself actually legitimate, and did it benefit society as a whole? Were there inconvenient truths that the researchers in question sought to expose and address? Or were they seeking to cover up these truths and support certain interests at the expense of others?
You then want to understand how civilians have received information about scientists' (or officials') work and reacted to what we have heard, read, or seen.
Which media outlets have members of the public tended to follow closely?
Are these sources themselves objective and fact-based? Or have powerful interests spread sensationalist content through these sources to win over viewers?
Which ideological rifts have formed within society over the scientific debates at hand?
If large sections of the public believe that a scientist's findings are "wacky," unprecedented, or too scary to accept, then such labels may be developed over time.