What is the role of mitochondria in apoptosis and how does this process contribute to homeostasis?

Question

Mitochondria play a central role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. In response to internal or external signals, the mitochondrial membrane becomes permeable, releasing pro-apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c. This triggers a cascade of caspase activation, which leads to the breakdown of cellular components and the eventual dismantling of the cell. Apoptosis is vital for maintaining homeostasis by eliminating damaged, infected, or cancerous cells, thereby preventing the accumulation of harmful cells and maintaining tissue integrity.

Answer 1

Mitochondria are central in apoptosis, releasing pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g., cytochrome c) in response to internal/external signals. This triggers caspase activation, leading to cell breakdown and dismantling. Apoptosis contributes to homeostasis by eliminating damaged, infected, or cancerous cells, preventing the accumulation of harmful cells and maintaining tissue integrity.

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