I want aqueous extracts of these, how to get?

Question

i want diff concentrations of water extracts for thrmeric & garlic. i put examples in pics but i need a step by step procedure because idk which pne to follow. like if it's a paste instead of powder & i assume it's 100% would i not account water content already present in the rhizomes? i want 10 20 40 50 60% concentrations cuz i wanna test on bacteria.

Pictures did not add but examples are in this link and the paragraph below it

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297521000251#bib18

The modified method of Joe et al.8 was used for the preparation of spices for extraction. The fresh spices were cleaned, peeled and subsequently washed in sterile distilled water (Figure 1). Samples were surface sterilised with 70% ethanol which was allowed to evaporate, after which the samples were rinsed with sterile distilled water. Samples (250 g of each) were cut into small sizes, crushed and blended, using a laboratory blender, to get a fine paste. The resulting mixture (of spices and sterile distilled water) was filtered through Whatman filter paper (No. 1) and sterilised using a membrane filter (0.45-µm filter unit, Merck). The filtrate was used as the 100% extract concentration. Appropriate volumes of sterile distilled water were mixed with the concentrate to obtain different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%).

Answer 1

To prepare different concentrations of water extracts from turmeric and garlic for testing on bacteria, you can follow these general steps:

1. Preparation of Turmeric and Garlic Extracts:
2. Start by obtaining fresh turmeric rhizomes and garlic bulbs.
3. Clean the turmeric rhizomes and garlic bulbs thoroughly to remove any dirt or debris.
4. For turmeric, you can either use fresh rhizomes or turmeric powder. If using fresh rhizomes, grate or finely chop them into small pieces. If using turmeric powder, measure out the desired amount.
5. For garlic, peel and crush the garlic cloves to release their juices.
6. Preparation of Extracts:
7. For each concentration, weigh out the appropriate amount of turmeric or garlic. For example, if you want to prepare a 10% extract, you would use 10 grams of turmeric or garlic for every 100 mL of water.
8. Place the turmeric or garlic in a clean container (such as a beaker or glass jar).
9. Add the calculated amount of distilled water to the container. For example, for a 10% extract, add 100 mL of water to 10 grams of turmeric or garlic.
10. Stir or shake the mixture well to ensure that the turmeric or garlic is fully submerged in the water.
11. Allow the mixture to sit for a certain period to allow the extraction process to occur. This period can vary depending on the method used (e.g., soaking, boiling, or blending). For example, you might soak the mixture for several hours or simmer it on low heat for a set amount of time.
12. After the extraction period, strain the mixture to remove any solid particles, leaving behind a clear liquid extract.
13. Dilution to Desired Concentrations:
14. Once you have obtained the turmeric or garlic extract, you can dilute it to achieve the desired concentrations.
15. For example, to prepare a 20% concentration from a 10% extract, you would mix equal parts of the 10% extract and distilled water.
16. Similarly, to prepare a 40% concentration, you would mix one part of the 10% extract with three parts of distilled water.
17. Continue this process until you have prepared extracts with the desired concentrations (e.g., 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%).
18. Testing on Bacteria:
19. Once you have prepared the different concentrations of turmeric and garlic extracts, you can use them for testing on bacteria.
20. Perform the bacterial testing according to your experimental protocol, such as agar diffusion assays or broth microdilution assays.
21. Record the results of the bacterial testing to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the turmeric and garlic extracts at different concentrations.

When preparing the extracts, it's essential to consider the water content already present in the rhizomes or bulbs. If you are using fresh turmeric rhizomes or garlic bulbs, you may need to account for the water content when calculating the extract concentrations. However, if you are using dried turmeric powder or garlic powder, you can assume that they are 100% dry and do not contain additional water. Adjust the amount of water added accordingly to achieve the desired concentrations.

Additionally, ensure that all equipment used for extraction and dilution is clean and sterile to prevent contamination of the extracts.