Which process always results in a net consumption of energy (i.e. ATP) in a bacterial cell

Question

Pick one of the options:

A- Cyclic phototrophy (via Photosystem II)

B- Chemotrophy of inorganic molecules (i.e. chemolithotrophy)

C- Glycolysis

D- Calvin cycle

Answer 1

Among the options provided, the process that always results in a net consumption of energy (ATP) in a bacterial cell is:

D- Calvin cycle

The Calvin cycle, a part of the photosynthetic process in plants and some bacteria, is an anabolic pathway that consumes energy. It uses ATP (and NADPH) to convert carbon dioxide into glucose, thus representing a net energy consumption rather than production.