Informative essays do just that - they "inform" or provide "information" to the reader; whereas persuasive discussions aim to "persuade" or convince, the audience, of a particular viewpoint[s].
Both discussions can pull from research and data; qualitative and quantitative analyses; to convey information, but Informative writing offers broader insight into literature and studies, ideas and contexts. Persuasive discussion, conversely, includes more narrowly focused support and compelling arguments to substantiate its claim[s].