Is it wrong to write in passive voice?

Question

Is it wrong to write in passive voice?

Answer 1

The passive voice of a verb is acceptable in some instances: 

1) If the doer of the action is unknown. Example: The United States is regarded as the most democratic nation in the world. 

2) If the receiver is more important than the doer.  Example: Clamshells were used by some Native Americans as money. If the writer's topic is clamshells, then the passive voice is correct.

3) If the writer decides that it is best to not identify the doer. 

Answer 2

I would not say that passive voice is "wrong," but active voice is usually stronger, especially for an English paper. When I worked with students at my university's writing center, I usually advised them to use active voice because it emphasizes the subject rather than the object. That being said, lab reports in psychology or hard sciences usually require passive voice. Agreeing with the previous posters, your best bet would be to stick to active voice whenever possible.

Answer 3

It may be considered "weak" but never wrong as long as it's constructed correctly. However, as many of these answers imply, there are "good/better/best" contexts for the use of passive voice. Here are two specific contexts that will be helpful to many students: SAT questions & news writing.

The official SAT practice book refers to the "weak passive verbs." These are found in Sentence Improvement questions. Most of the time, a straight forward active voice answer choice is a better answer than a weak passive voice answer choice. (However, in the last decade, I have seen some real tests questions with a passive voice answer as the best answer, so don't automatically assume it's wrong.) Generally, it's also best to use active voice within SAT essays.

Traditionally, news writing requires the use of Subject-Verb-Object sentence structure. This is inherently active voice. Passive voice in news writing is usually either found in a direct quotation or in reporting information that is not complete.

Lastly, be sure that you fully understand the construction of passive voice construction. (It's not just the feel of the sentence.) The object is moved to the subject position and the verb becomes a participle with a to be helping verb. Here are two examples of passive voice based on rearranging this active voice sentence: Bob ate all the cookies. (S-V-O)

(1) All the cookies were eaten.   (O-V  The object is now the subject, and we don't know who did it.)
(2) All the cookies were eaten by Bob.   (O-V-S  The actor is now an object and less central.)

Answer 4

I agree with the statement below regarding passive voice.  Passive is often used in official writing, like that of the government or business.  It is primarily used when the speaker/writer wants to empasize the result of an action, rather than who or what is doing it.  For example, in old adage, "Children should be seen and not heard," it is the result of the action that is important, not who will or will not see or hear the children.  It is important, though to know how to effectively use the passive voice in more advanced writing, like essays or research papers.

Answer 5

Writing in passive voice is not wrong, it is simply not usually the prefered form of writing. Reasons are:

(a) it is not direct,

(b) it is usually wordy and redundant,

(c) it is not as clear nor as positive as active voice.

Follow your teacher's instructions on this. Usually s/he will accept a combination of passive and active.

Answer 6

It is not "wrong" to write in passive voice (a construction with some version of "to be" followed by a past participle, often with an implied or actual "by"); a teacher might have a preference for active voice (especially if they were trained in English, as opposed to Writing Studies or Linguistics), but that preference is one that you could effectively negotiate and challenge if you felt that using the passive voice could be useful for achieving some effect. Some academic disciplines and professions actually prefer the passive voice; even in academic disciplines that usually prefer active constructions, there may be good reasons for using the passive voice.

Passive and active voice describe the arrangement of words; these arrangements may be more "conventional" in a given setting at a given time, but these conventions also change over time as the language values of the people in that setting change. If, for example, you were a biologist who felt that the use of passive voice in scholarly papers obscures the presence of an observer (whose observations are inflected by their beliefs, values, history, culture, etc., AND/OR who might have affected the behavior of the species being observed just by being present), then you might choose to strategically resist the convention, and could begin to shift how others within that field use language.

Answer 7

Passive voice is more subdued that active voice. In order to write effectively, the writer should use active voice most of the time in order to add emphasis and energy to the writing. Passive voice should be used for scientific and legal reports as the subject is not emphasized for purposes of objectivity.

e.g. "The suspect was arrested while he was attempting to break into a car in a parking lot."

RATHER THAN: " I arrested John Doe because he was attempting to break into a car in a parking lot."

Passive voice is also effective when writing a command or correction, and the reader is highly respected by the writer, so that the reader is not offended .

e.g. "Professor Brown, one word was misspelled in the quote you wrote in an email on Tuesday. I corrected the spelling before copying the quote."

RATHER THAN: "Professor Brown, you misspelled a word in the quote.............."

Answer 8

It is also a matter of tone.  Passive is usually good when you don't want to seem confrontational or too aggressive especially in an interpersonal or relational context during conflict or problem solving.  The active voice reflects or suggests more assertiveness or can be too accusatory. 

"I" statements in the active voice can be used to acknowledge more personal responsibility for actions in a relational context.  Just as "You" statements may be used to assign blame or responsibility besides self.

Example: "I crashed into a car at the stop light." (Active)

vs.

"The car was hit by a driver in front of me who wasn't paying attention at the stop light." (Passive)

 

Answer 9

An arena of writing in which it is often improper (though not necessarily wrong) to use the passive voice is in screenwriting.  That may not be all that pertinent to the topic at hand, but I figure it was worth mentioning.

I'm one who tends to prefer the active voice.  Of course, I'm also one who typically writes argumentative position papers, and there the active voice is hugely important in one's presentation/critique of an argument.

Answer 10

Brevity and Clarity are major reasons for using active over passive

The point of language is to communicate. The longer you ramble on, the more confusing and less clear what you're saying. Attention deficit disorder kicks in. It takes more words to write in the passive. You want to pack as much information into as few words as possible.

Plus action wakes people up. You want an active verb. Passive puts you to sleep. You lose your audience. You communicated nothing when they're asleep or getting distracted and bored.

Answer 11

If you're working with the U.S. Government (proposal and grant writing, for example), the active voice is absolutely preferred over the passive voice. Try your hardest to make your writing clear and persuasive, and avoid the passive voice if at all possible!

Answer 12

My opinion is that the main purpose of writing is to communicate to your audience. If using the passive voice gets your point across more creatively to your intended reader, then, by all means, go ahead and use it.

Answer 13

Generally, active voice is better. It is more clear and concise than passive voice. From many years of writing and editing, I believe it's easier for the reader's brain to process active voice.

"In a few instances, passive voice may be appropriate. For example, when one action follows another as a matter of law, and there is no actor (besides the law itself) for the second action, a passive sentence may be the best method of expression." Source: https://www.plainlanguage.gov/guidelines/conversational/use-active-voice/

Answer 14

Active Voice is stronger and the ACT will test you on it. The ACT hates passive voice and with passive voice, it's not always clear who is doing the action in a sentence.

Passive voice is weaker, uses more words, and is often used by politicians deflecting responsibility i.e. "Mistakes were made", is passive. "I made mistakes," is active voice.

Another example: sometimes with passive voice, we ARE aware of the subject (who is doing the action in the sentence).

For example: The piano was played by Jane, is passive, whereas, Jane played the piano is active--is shorter and stronger.

Answer 15

Passive voice is considered weaker than active voice, however, it is also a great way of bringing attention to inanimate or secondary objects. For example, if we say, "The boy walked his dog," the focus of the sentence is the boy and the actions the boy is taking. However, if we flip them using the passive voice and say, "The dog was walked by the boy," then we could be shifting the focus from one subject to another and re-prioritizing the importance of the dog in the story. It allows the author another kind of freedom with the tone and point of view when writing.

Answer 16

Generally not. However, passive voice has the potential to create wordiness and sometimes to conceal the main aspect of the sentence.

Answer 17

All answers are good, but academia usually sees the passive voice as more educated and intellectual than the active, for instance a friend of mine took some friend's passive voice, 'A' paper, put it in the active voice with much more content, and received a 'C'! Academic bias against the simpler, less sophisticated active voice is still way too strong, when actually the passive voice is less illuminating, imho.

Answer 18

I don't think it's wrong to use passive voice in writing. I also think the type of writing often determines the best point of view for the author to write in. Informative and persuasive essays, for example, can be developed quite adequately with the use of passive voice. However, a narrative or autobiography may best be written in the first or third person.

Best of luck!

Answer 19

It is not "wrong" to use the passive voice. In fact, there are times when it would be entirely too awkward to use anything else. However, it is almost always best to use the active voice in your writing. It has the effect of 1) making your writing more engaging for the reader and 2) forcing you to use a wider range of vocabulary in your writing, which is always a plus.

Answer 20

It is not wrong to use passive voice in an essay.  The reason teachers say that it is wrong is because your teachers want you to learn how to communicate in a more effective manner. Let's face it passive voice can get boring after a while because it doesn't add any creativity or excitement to  the essay. 

Nancy N.

Answer 21

In addition, one useful thing to know is that this is cultural.  Specifically American formal English avoids the passive voice in most circumstances.  British formal English still uses it frequently, and Canadian usage can be in the middle.  I saw an excellent blog article on this earlier at theprofessorisin.com (don't have text on this computer handy to quote).  This is not surprising given American cultural norms of directness and simplicity.  So the answer is: write for your audience, and given that your audience is probably made up of Americans since this is an American site, be cautious about passive voice, even in formal/academic writing.  But this is a matter of style, not a matter of grammar.

Answer 22

Like everyone else has said, using the passive voice isn't "wrong;" it's just that most people prefer the active voice. Again, like everyone else has said, the active voice is more succinct and more direct. Usually the reader is more interested in who does something, rather than the object of that action.

However, there are cases in which the passive voice is rhetorically helpful--that is to say, more effective when making an argument. Let's say, for instance, that you're a prosecutor for a murder trial. The tactic you've chosen in making your cases involves painting a picture of the victim, characterizing the victim in such a way that the jury finds her sympathetic and is more likely to convict the defendant. You may start by describing the victim: "Sarah Marshall was a grade school teacher. She paid her taxes. She was a dog-walker. She was a mother of three." After you've described the victim, you have two ways to go about describing her death: the active voice ("He murdered her") or the passive voice ("She was murdered by him"). The active voice is fine, and even helpful, because it immediately connects the defendant to the act of the victim's murder and, in its brevity, it tonally communicates the brutality of the act. However, it also renders the victim--who, up to this point, was the subject of the argument--an object, thus placing her in a less rhetorically powerful position. The passive voice, in this case, highlights the tragedy of her death, because it places her as the primary focus of the sentence while immediately connecting her with a brutal death. In fact, because it's in the passive voice, the victim seems helpless; the murder happened to her, and she wasn't really involved in it. With the passive construction, the jury would keep the victim in mind, which (if the victim is particularly sympathetic) might help you win your case. 

Answer 23

A newspaper journalist may employ the use of the passive voice in writing an article to shift the focus of the doer of an action to a less important status to focus on that action/occurrence or because the writer is unsure of who performed that action.  This response speaks more to the particular genre of writing where one may realize the use of the passive voice.

Answer 24

passive and active forms of the same sentence are structurally (syntax) different while conveying the same meaning (semantic). Really, it is an arbitrary matter of preference.  However, it's not so "arbitrary" when it's your boss (or teacher) telling you which they prefer.  A more accurate response to your question would require more context.

Answer 25

Lisa A. gave a succinct and accurate assessment.  I just want to emphasize that it depends on the type of writing you are doing as to whether you use active or passive.   

Answer 26

It is not wrong to write in passive voice unless your grade depends upon writing in active voice.  If your teacher is teaching you to write for a standardized test, he or she likely wants you to stay in active voice.  Active voice is more interesting, more effective, and often easier to read.

Answer 27

Active sentences are generally more interesting, but there are a small number of instances in which using the passive voice makes more sense. For example, "I've been shot!" is much better than "An unknown assailant shot me" when you want to emphasize the fact that the main character has just been shot. In this case, the most important person in the sentence is the victim, not the unknown shooter.

Later in the story, it might be more important who did the shooting and then you might write instead, "Harvey shot me!" In that case, an accusation is being made and therefore it is the shooter who is the most important person in that sentence. (Notice that I said "an accusation is being made" instead of "someone made an accusation." I did that because I wanted the emphasis on the accusation and not the accuser.)

Most of the time you will need to use active voice, but if you find a sentence in which using active voice doesn't sound right, do this. Ask yourself, where does the emphasis belong? Who or what is the most important thing or person in the sentence, given the context?

Answer 28

ESLinStyle only posted 3 situations ;=}

Answer 29

Using the passive voice is not "wrong" but it is often not effective, especially in telling a story. It leaves the importance of the people involved in the action expressed vague. For instance, "Charlie bit me" (active) might be the beginning of a powerful story about the writer/speaker and Charlie, but "I was bitten by Charlie" (passive) leaves the reader/listener wondering if Charlie is important at all in this situation. The most interesting continuation of "I was bitten by Charlie", to me, would be "this time." In which case we have the beginning of a very different story, about the writer.   Hmmm.

Answer 30

The use of the passive voice is not by itself wrong. It's a matter of style and clarity. When you use the passive voice, the message can be less clear, confusing, or vague. As a result, most English teachers will tell you to use the active voice; they are, after all, trying to teach you how to be clear in your writing. Using the passive voice can be effective, for example, if you are focusing on the action and who did the action is not important. The hard part is knowing when to use it.

Answer 31

Most writing teachers are awful writers; you can improve your writing first by ignoring them, then by reading exceptional prose. Your style will naturally favor the active voice for a number of reasons that needn't be understood from the hyper-technical perspective favored by those who can't practice what they preach. The passive voice will find its proper place in your verbal repertoire just as naturally the active.

Answer 32

You commit no sin when you write in the passive voice. Many, if not most, use passive voice when they speak. So, the natural structure of your sentence may be passive. The crime comes when you fail to change the sentence to the stronger active voice for most papers.

Answer 33

When using the passive voice, the writer must be aware that s/he might bore the reader.  If the reader falls asleep, upon wakening, the reader may want to do one of several of these things: 1. rip up the book, 2. never read the author's work again, 3. re-write his essay.  Verbs, jumping, vibrating, tingling, are the stuff of making the reader sit up and read...  Another consideration for using a certain tense is this: 1. what audience am I writing for?  an audience who wants to be inspired? sleep? learn something? 

Answer 34

The short answer is: no,of course not.

Answer 35

The short answer is: it's wrong if your teacher says it's wrong. Every teacher has his or her likes and dislikes, and it's good to learn what each teacher wants and give it to them. That is what will give you higher grades. If your teacher doesn't care and it's up to you, remember thses things: In general, passive voice uses more words to say the same thing (this becomes important when you have word limits on what you're writing). Also keep in mind that the noun or pronoun that leads the sentence gets more emphasis. For instance: "The dog caught the ball" versus "The ball was caught by the dog." The second sentence has more words and the emphasis is on the ball.