Give an explanation on why the mismatch of blood groups during the blood transfusion leads to serious problem?

Answer 1

The ABO Blood groups are determined by the presence of absence of two specific proteins. The presence of the A protein only gives the blood type A and the presence of the B protein gives the blood type B. The presence of both proteins resuts in the blood grouping termed AB and red blood cells that do not have either protein on their surface are classified as the blood type O. Your immune system is designed to react to the presence of foreign proteins. A foreign protein is any protein not found naturally in your body and/or produced by your body. If a protein foreign to your body systems enters your body, your immune system reacts with a series of innate (inborn) responses that destroys the foreign proteins. If a blood transfusion is given to you that contains red blood cells with an A or B protein that is normally not found in your blood, the immune cells attach themselves to the red blood cells with the foreign protein on their surface resulting in massive blood clotting in the vessels of the body thus blocking blood flow to the vital organs and resulting death. A person with blood type A can receive blood from another person with blood type A and also blood type . Likewise, blood type B can receive blood from a B or O donor. Blood type AB can receive blood type from all blood types and O can only receive from type O. This makes AB the universal recipient and O the universal donor. Another important proteins used in blood typing is the Rh factor protein. Its presence identified a blood group as Rh+ and its absence Rh-. Therefore there are actually 8 common groups as each of the ABO groups is further classified as positive or negative. These are the common proteins used to classify human blood. However, here are additional proteins that are used, for example, if someone is receiving an organ transplant.