
Anonymous A. answered 02/22/22
M.A. in Rhetoric & Public Affairs with 15+ years of teaching experienc
Have an audience.
Students often write or speak with only one of three audiences in mind: themselves, their classmates, or their teacher.
Having oneself as an audience leads to obscurity in both style and argumentation. Obscurity occurs in style because the student doesn't think about what the audience doesn't know (a writer knows herself, after all!) and doesn't consider strong objections or reservations about her claims.
Having classmates or the teacher as an audience leads to narrow and boring writing and speaking. The student's knowledge of classmates and the teacher is typically limited to classroom experience, and so there is little breadth or variety to what the student can draw upon. Students who write or speak to their classmates become too informal and narrow in focus. Students who write for the teacher are tempted to use false formality and jargon that they hope will impress.
Good teachers want students to write essays that appeal to a specific audience that is different from the student herself or the teacher. The next time you sit down to write an essay, think about who might be a realistic audience for the type of argument you wish to make. Then spend time using examples, experiences, and appeals that draw from what you know or can guess about that specific audience.