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Question

List the three general types of rocks and give one example of each. Pick one of the three rock examples and explain what would happen to that rock as it undergoes changes as described by the rock cycle. Describe how your rock can become another rock type.

Answer 1

There are three types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.

Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment has been compacted (due to immense pressure) and cemented (a liquid has "glued" the sediments together). Some examples include sandstone, shale, gypsum, and limestone. There are two types of sedimentary rocks: Conglomerate and Breccia. An easy way to remember the difference between these two are the shapes of the sediments. Conglomerates have CIRCULAR deposits whereas Breccia has ANGULAR deposits (sharp angles).

There are two types of igneous rocks also: Intrusive and Extrusive.

1. Intrusive rocks have cooled slowly INSIDE the earth and usually have large crystals are visible to the naked eye. Examples: Granite, Gabbro, and Diorite.
2. Extrusive rocks have cooled very quickly as they EXITED the earth's crust. Examples: Basalt (ocean floor), Pumice (flying through the air from a volcano), Obsidian (black glass), and Rhyolite.

Metamorphic is the third type of rock. Any type of rocks can become metamorphic if it undergoes the right amount of heat and pressure. They are two types of metamorphic rocks: Foliated and Non- foliated.

1. Foliated - has distinct lines in the rock. Examples: Granite -> Gneiss; Shale -> Slate
2. Non-foliated - no visible layers. Examples: Quartz -> Quartzite; Sandstone -> Quartzite;

Limestone -> Marble.

Based on the rock cycle, any rock can turn into another type of rock given the correct situation.

Answer 2

The three types of rocks are sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. Sandstone and limestone are good examples of sedimentary rocks. Basalts and granites are examples of igneous rocks. Schists and Gneiss' are examples of metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks change under heat and pressure. As more layers of rock are added on top of them, they descend closer to the mantle where the heat and extra pressure from the rocks above them metamorphose the rock into another type (hence the name metamorphic). When this happens with limestone, it will metamorphose into marble.