lingustics help

Question

Given the implicational universal Oral Vowels > Nasal Vowels, which do you expect to be learned first? Given the implicational universal Complex Onsets > Complex Codas, which do you expect to be learned first?

An L2 learner of English pronounces the word 'seat' as [sitə]. This is an example of what?

An L2 learner of English pronounces the word 'right' as [lajt]. This is an example of what type of error?

Errors in syllabification that an L2 learner makes in the L2 often reveal syllabification rules of their native language (i.e., their L1). T or F

Bilingual speakers often display delays in their social skills. T or F



Answer 1

1. Based on the implicational universal, Oral Vowels are expected to be learned first. This is because producing oral vowels requires less complex articulation compared to nasal vowels, which involve manipulating the airflow through both the mouth and nose.
2. Similarly, Complex Onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable) are expected to be acquired before Complex Codas (consonant clusters at the end). Onsets are generally easier to articulate and perceive than codas.
3. This is an example of a phonological error. Phonological errors occur when learners apply the sound system of their native language to the target language (English, in this case). Since the learner's native language likely doesn't have a distinction between the sounds /i/ and /i:/, they pronounce 'seat' with the shorter /i/ sound they are accustomed to.
4. This is an example of a substitution error. In substitution errors, learners replace sounds from their native language with sounds that exist in English, but are not appropriate in that particular word. Here, the /r/ sound (often trilled in many languages) is replaced with the /l/ sound, which is present in English.
5. True. Errors in syllabification made by L2 learners can indeed reveal the syllabification rules of their L1. Learners often try to impose the syllable structure of their native language onto the L2, leading to misinterpretations of syllable boundaries.
6. False. Bilingualism does not inherently cause delays in social skills.