What is induction of protein mean ?

Answer 1

You are likely asking about protein expression induction.

I'll give a brief background first then I'll get into what protein expression induction means.

A protein expression/production starts from DNA level when the protein's gene (DNA) gets transcribed to a mRNA (a mediator) and then translated to a protein. The big image is DNA --transcription--> RNA--Translation--> Protein. This process is called the Central Dogma.

During this process of making the protein: there are regulatory factors, other biological molecules, control the turn on/off process of transcription and/or translation. Those regulatory factors can be controlled to repress or induce expression. And this regulation happens in a transcriptional and/or translational level.

Now, let's get into the induction part of your question using an example in a transcription level. The most well-studied and known protein expression induction is in LAC Operon in E.coli. In this system, allolactose, sugar, is the inducer. Upon addition of allolactose, Lac transcription starts and mRNAs are produced (for Lac Z, LacY, LacA). After that those mRNAs get translated to proteins. In other words, allolactose induces the expression of LAC proteins.

This is briefly and simply what expression protein induction means. There are many examples of protein expression inductions that involve using sugar, like allolactose, or using other biomolecular molecules like RNAs.

I hope this helped!