Blake B. answered • 03/08/20
BSN, DNP - Bio/Physiology/Nursing/NCLEX Prep/Pharm/NursePracticioner
Hello Fizzah,
1.Explain how an inherited mutation can have different impacts on future offspring depending on which parent passed on the mutation.
Mutations that are passed along in sex chromosomes have three possible outcomes. The first is that mutation is passed along a chromosome that is the only sex chromosome (X or Y) and therefore is expressed as a phenotype. The second outcome is that there are two chromosomes (XX) that have a normal and abnormal gene on the X and usually, one of the X's can present normal characteristics; making up for the mutation in the other. The third common mutation is multiplicity, like XYY but many other combinations, the results are a combination of all the chromosomes. Depending on ability to reproduce like in 1 or 2, the gene can be passed on hidden or not, the third is less likely to result in fertility and rarely passes along.
2.What is the evidence that epigenetic “marks” can be passed on to future generations?
As complicated as epigenetics can be, the marks are simple in their nature and impact. An easy reference is in diet, some genetic variances may decrease the sensitivity to salt. The family cooks with more salt and craves salty things, the results is a chronic hypernatremia that can impact cardiovascular health. If other natural variances affect cardiac health, the underlying genetic changes can surmount and cause issues. The genetic change manifests its self in diet and food preparation.
3.Why do individuals with an excessive number of sex chromosomes often show minimum phenotypes?
The answer is the same as the first question, example three. Because there are two Xs or Ys there is the ability to select the correct gene expression, as mutations are recognizable by intercellular enzymes that can snip incorrect protein synthesis. The healthy phenotypes are usually carried up the chain of development and result in functionality.
