What are the general principles of using verbs to modify nouns (e.g. 焦げるトースト/焦げたトースト)?

Question

In all the time I've studied the language, I've never heard or seen anybody even hint at whether the principles from a given language (like using “burnt toast” vs. “burning toast”) carry over, or if the language has its rules with how that works. Anyone know?

Answer 1

Hard to know when something will happen exactly sometimes (the toast which will burn) so you have to remark on it once the result manifests (the burnt toast)