David W. answered • 04/12/17
Tutor
4.7
(90)
Experienced Prof
"4-digit up and down numbers" with "maximum digit of 6" must look like either:
a) *6**
or b) **6*
Note that a “four-digit” number does not begin with a “0” [that would make it a three-digit number].
For Case (a), there are 5 groups that look like: 16**, 26**, 36**, 46**, and 56**. Each of these may have the last two digits be 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 43, 42, 41, 40, 32, 31, 30, 21, 20, or 10. That makes 5*15 = 75 possible four-digit up-and-down numbers with a maximum digit of 6.
What about a maximum digit of 5? 15**, 25**, 35**, and 45**. Each of these can have the last two digits be 43, 42, 41, 40, 32, 31, 30, 21, 20, or 10. That is 4*10=40 more.
What about a maximum digit of 4? 14**, 14**, and 34**. Each of these can have the last two digits be 32, 31, 30, 21, 20, or 10. So, 3*6=18 more.
And, a maximum digit of 3? 13** and 23**. Each of these can have the last two digits be 21, 20, or 10. That’s 6 more.
Can the maximum digit be 2? Yes: 1210. That’s 1 last value.
75 + 40 + 18 + 6 + 1 = 140
Now, Case (b):
or b) **6*
Note that a “four-digit” number does not begin with a “0” [that would make it a three-digit number].
For Case (a), there are 5 groups that look like: 16**, 26**, 36**, 46**, and 56**. Each of these may have the last two digits be 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 43, 42, 41, 40, 32, 31, 30, 21, 20, or 10. That makes 5*15 = 75 possible four-digit up-and-down numbers with a maximum digit of 6.
What about a maximum digit of 5? 15**, 25**, 35**, and 45**. Each of these can have the last two digits be 43, 42, 41, 40, 32, 31, 30, 21, 20, or 10. That is 4*10=40 more.
What about a maximum digit of 4? 14**, 14**, and 34**. Each of these can have the last two digits be 32, 31, 30, 21, 20, or 10. So, 3*6=18 more.
And, a maximum digit of 3? 13** and 23**. Each of these can have the last two digits be 21, 20, or 10. That’s 6 more.
Can the maximum digit be 2? Yes: 1210. That’s 1 last value.
75 + 40 + 18 + 6 + 1 = 140
Now, Case (b):
The groups with 6 as a maximum digit look like: **65, **64, **63, **62, **61, and **60. Each of these may have digits of 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, and 45. How many more possibilities does that create?
The groups with 5 as a maximum digit look like: **54, **53, **52, **51 and **50. Each of these groups may have digits of 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, and 34. How many more possibilities does that create?
What about groups with 4 as a maximum digit? **43, **42, **41, and **40. Each of these groups may have 12, 13, and 23 as the first two digits. How many more is that?
Finally, 3 may be the maximum digit. The groups look like **32, **31, and **30. Each of these may have digits of 12. How many more is that?
Now, add up all the values. You should get 245.
The groups with 5 as a maximum digit look like: **54, **53, **52, **51 and **50. Each of these groups may have digits of 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, and 34. How many more possibilities does that create?
What about groups with 4 as a maximum digit? **43, **42, **41, and **40. Each of these groups may have 12, 13, and 23 as the first two digits. How many more is that?
Finally, 3 may be the maximum digit. The groups look like **32, **31, and **30. Each of these may have digits of 12. How many more is that?
Now, add up all the values. You should get 245.
