Translation of proteins

Question

The interaction of what molecules causes the protein to fold into its proper shape? Therefore, the interaction of what molecules is responsible for giving the newly constructed protein its function? What molecule is responsible for putting the amino acids into their proper order assuring proper folding? And, the instructions for the proper order of amino acids in sequence comes from, ultimately, what molecule?

Answer 1

Alas, this question is asking for a review of "What is translation" and "what is protein folding".

For a start, look in any introductory biology textbook (or Wikipedia) for the section on translation

 

As to folding, as indicated some proteins receive 'help' from assisting proteins... but much of protein folding is done 'automatically' on the basis of the properties of the specific amino acids in the chain. The best analogy I ever heard was from Stephen Nowicki, which was along the lines of "Imagine a bunch of children holding hands in a line. Left to themselves, they will form a structure as different children 'choose' to be closer to the ones that they like."

 

Of course, amino acids don't 'choose', but their properties drive them to favorable interactions and away from unfavorable ones.

Answer 2

The instruction of proper order of amino acids in the protein comes from mRNA, it is translated to synthesize polypeptide/s. 

 

After synthesis, polypeptides are folded in proper configuration; sometimes they are stored in storage vesicles and released upon stimulus and sometimes they are used right away. 

 

There are cell and tissue specific factors thst participate in protein folding depending upon developmental time. Similarly protein function is also has temporal and spatial regulation.

 

Best,