Does the citric acid cycle (aka Krebs cycle) require oxygen?

Answer 1

Oxygen and the Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle

The citric acid cycle itself doesn't directly use oxygen, but it requires oxygen indirectly to keep functioning:

1. During the cycle, high-energy electron carriers NADH and FADH₂ are produced.
2. These molecules donate their electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria.
3. The ETC requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor — it combines with electrons and protons to form water.
4. If oxygen isn't available, the ETC backs up, NADH and FADH₂ can't be oxidized to NAD⁺ and FAD, and the citric acid cycle can't continue due to a lack of these oxidized cofactors.

So even though oxygen is not a substrate of the citric acid cycle, it is essential for the cycle to continue.

Answer 2

The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) does not directly use oxygen as a substrate. However, it indirectly depends on oxygen to function continuously. Here’s why:

1. Role of NAD⁺ and FAD Regeneration
2. The cycle produces NADH and FADH₂, which carry electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC).
3. The ETC requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor to regenerate NAD⁺ and FAD (needed for the cycle to repeat).
4. Oxygen Deprivation Stops the Cycle
5. Without oxygen, the ETC halts → NADH and FADH₂ accumulate → NAD⁺ and FAD run out.
6. The cycle stalls because it cannot oxidize acetyl-CoA without these electron carriers.
7. Key Difference from Glycolysis
8. Unlike glycolysis (which can regenerate NAD⁺ via fermentation), the citric acid cycle has no anaerobic backup.
9. Thus, it is strictly aerobic in eukaryotic cells.

Oxygen is not a reactant in the cycle, but its presence is essential to maintain NAD⁺/FAD levels and sustain ATP production.

Answer 3

The citric acid cycle itself does not directly require oxygen but it depends on oxygen to function. But without oxygen, the cycle shuts down because it relies on the products being used in oxygen-dependent processes.

Explanation --> The citric acid cycle produces NADH and FADH2 which carry high energy electrons to the ETC. The ETC needs oxygen as the final electron acceptor to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. If oxygen is not there, the ETC stops which causes a backup of NADH and FADH2. Without NAD+ and FAD being regenerated in the ETC then the citric acid cycle runs out of these electron carriers and cannot continue. Hope this makes sense!

Answer 4

The short answer is: oxygen is not directly used in the citric acid cycle, but the cycle depends on oxygen indirectly to keep running.

So, let me explain that a little more:

During the citric acid cycle, the main purpose is to extract high-energy electrons from carbon compounds and transfer them to electron carriers — specifically NAD⁺ and FAD — turning them into NADH and FADH₂. These electron carriers then bring the electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), which is where most of the cell’s ATP is made.

So here's the key part: the ETC needs oxygen to function (oxygen is the final electron acceptor). If oxygen isn’t available, the electron transport chain gets backed up because there’s nowhere for the electrons to go. As a result, NADH and FADH₂ can’t unload their electrons, and they don’t get converted back into NAD⁺ and FAD. And that’s a big problem — because the citric acid cycle needs fresh NAD⁺ and FAD to keep accepting electrons and continue running. So even though oxygen isn’t a reactant in the citric acid cycle itself, the cycle cannot continue without oxygen because it depends on the ETC to regenerate NAD⁺ and FAD.

(Unlike glycolysis, where cells can temporarily regenerate NAD⁺ through fermentation (such as making lactate in muscle cells), there’s no alternative way to regenerate NAD⁺ or FAD during the citric acid cycle without oxygen. That means, in the absence of oxygen, the citric acid cycle comes to a halt).