Which of the following is more likely to become elitist or exclusionary? A) networks B) out-groups C) reference groups D) coalitions

Answer 1

D) coalitions

Let's take a look at all the terms in this question and define them one by one so that we can gain a better understanding of what we're being asked! Elitist is a term that refers to the notion that a person or a group of people are inherently superior to others, and as such, they are deserving of privileges that the "non-elite" individuals do not receive. Exclusionary is similar to elitist because it involves the concept of restricting access to things like privileges and benefits. However, contrary to elitist, exclusionary refers to policies and actions that are purposefully restricting certain people or groups (e.g. people under 20 or Latinx individuals) from gaining access to privileges, opportunities, a certain social circle, and organizations/groups. Exclusionary policies can help to enforce elitist beliefs, and this lends itself to social injustices and inequalities.

Now let's examine the options that we are given for this question. Networks refer to groups of people who share common interests, involvements, and/or relationships. There are all sorts of different networks in our society, and they can vary in terms of their purpose, size, and structure. Networks can be casual or professional. Out-groups refer to those social groups in which a person doesn't feel like they belong in any group in particular. I think of out-groups as referring to a group of outcasts. This sort of group can also vary based on things like religion, ideologies, age ranges, etc. Reference groups are exactly what the name suggests - they are groups that individuals use as a reference point for influencing their own beliefs, ideologies, and behaviors. Reference groups depend on an individual's personal taste and can consist of people ranging from family members to celebrities. Lastly, coalitions are partnerships that are created by people who share a common goal, belief, or interest. We often see coalitions in a social advocacy or political context. This type of group can be useful towards having multiple people band together to achieve a common goal.

Knowing what we know now, it makes sense that D) coalitions is the answer to this question, because if a bunch of people banded together to achieve a common goal and these people along with their goal are prejudiced or severely biased in some way, then it is very likely that a coalition can become elitist/exclusionary.