The fluid in the kidney flows through in this direction: glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and then the distal tubule.

Answer 1

True

You could add more detail by saying

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending limb of Henle, Loop of Henle, ascending limb of Henle, and then the distal tubule

The proximal is kind of similar to "proximity" so it is in closer to the bowman's capsule.

The distal tube is "distant" and is far away from the Bowman's capsule.