How do environmental changes or genetic variations lead to increased diversity in organisms ?

Question

May you also give a specific example? thank you

Answer 1

Environmental changes can lead to adaptations in organisms. An example of this is with Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands. Birds of the various islands evolved to have different beak and body sizes based on types of available food on each island. This led to a lot of diversity of birds on the islands.

Genetic variations can cause different phenotypes thereby leading to more diversity. A simple example is eye color. The mutation for blue eyes led to a greater diversity of eye colors.