Are certain receptors only found on certain neurons?

Answer 1

Do you mean ligand-gated vs voltage-gated ion channels? Ligand-gated channels open when a specific neurotransmitter binds and opens the channel, causing ions to move. Since neurotransmitters are specific, these ligand-gated channels can differ between neurons. Voltage-gated channels (sodium, potassium, calcium for example) are channels that most neurons have. They are activated by changes in voltage (membrane potential) and are responsible for creating an action potential curve.

Answer 2

The short answer is yes. This is a fundamental concept in pathways neuroscience: there is specificity for neurotransmitters within a pathway. For instance, suppose you were looking at a neuron within the substantia nigra, a dopaminergic pathway. Neurons in this region are likely to have substantially more dopamine receptors than, for instance, acetylcholine receptors.

However, if you are asking about receptor subtypes, then the list of unique receptor subtypes is too exhaustive for the undergraduate/early graduate level.