Urgent!!! Could someone please answer these questions? Thank you!

Question

How enzymes affect rate questions:

1. What is activation energy?
2. What happens during the transition state?
3. How do the energy levels change throughout a reaction?
4. How does increasing temperature increase rate of reaction (collision theory)?
5. What happens as an enzyme is denatured?
6. Describe the effect enzymes have on the rate of reaction.
7. describe why changing temperatures affects enzymes.

Thank you so much!

Answer 1

1. Activation energy is the energy threshold that must be overcome in order for a reaction to spontaneously occur. Think of a roller coaster being pulled up an incline for it to fall on its own once it reaches the top.
2. Transition state is the top of the roller coaster mentioned above. Once this energy is overcome, the reaction will transition to favor the products over the reactants.
3. In an exothermic reaction, the products release energy as heat, and there is less energy than the starting reactants (think explosions with TNT). In an endothermic reaction, products absorb energy, and the final state is more energized than the beginning (e.g. cold packs absorbing the heat of the skin).
4. As temperature increases, molecules become more active, and thereby increase the chance at which a collision will occur and a reaction to take place between the two chemical species.
5. An enzyme is denatured when extreme heat or an outside chemical influence (dishwasher detergent) causes the structure of the protein to change e.g. disassociating with its peptide bonds, causing it to become more inactive or useless in its original function.
6. Enzymes simply lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to spontaneously occur by facilitating the collision of chemical species with their adherence to the enzymes active site.
7. Increased temperature can cause the weak interactions of the hydrogen bonds within the tertiary structure of the enzymes to disassociate, thus rendering the active site disabled. The reason a body has a fever to destroy foreign virus or bacterial proteins.