
Madeline C. answered 08/26/20
B.A. in Sociology with a concentration in Criminology
Hi Eduardo!
This question is calling on labelling theory. Labelling theory suggests that we as individuals internalize the labels ascribed to us and, consequently, act accordingly. For example: if someone labels me as a bad student, my performance in school will subsequently worsen.
Primary deviance is deviance that most (if not all) people participate in. The key to primary deviance is that is has no long-term consequences and does not result in people labelling the person committing the act as deviant.
Secondary deviance is the deviant behavior that results from being labelled by others.
Consequently, I am inclined to say that b: secondary deviance is your answer!
Hope this helps.
Best,
Maddy