How are proteins related to nucleus acids ? Are fats made up of a single monomer like proteins ? Justify your answer

Answer 1

There are three basic structural molecules our body uses which are commonly discussed in biology (and one additional one that isn't discussed as frequently). These three are 1) Nucleic Acids (which make up DNA and RNA), 2) Amino Acids (which make up protein, and 3) Fatty Acids (which make up lipids. The Fourth is sugars which make up glycosylation combinations.

To answer your question: Nucleic acids make up DNA. DNA is where the instructions for how to make a protein is stored in our cells. The order of the four nucleic acids (A: adenosine, T: thymine, C: cytosine, and G: guanine) taken 3 at a time code for each of the 20 amino acids that make up a protein. The process of transcription converts the DNA information into an RNA message. Then the process of translation converts the RNA message into the final protein form.

Fats are chains of hydrocarbons of different lengths. Typically fatty acids are stored as "triglycerides" in our body. This is three fatty acids attached to one glycerol molecule. The membranes of our cells are also made up of fats. These are called phospholipids and are made up two fatty acid "tails" attached to a phosphoglycerol "head" group. The membrane lipids line up side by side in two rows with the tails of both rows facing inward towards each other, and the heads of each row facing outward. This forms the lipid bilayer (2 layers) that makes up our cell membranes.