Ohhhh, these used to confuse me, too! Let's see what we can figure out.
So, if we start at -180 feet and we go to -286 feet, aren't we deeper in the water? If the water is 500 feet deep, then the bottom is -500, even deeper.
So, since -286 is deeper than -180, -286 < -180, right? This means we descended.
Hope this helps!