Let's see what we can do, LiLi. Hopefully it's not too late for you. If we said that the ratio in problem 1 was 1 to 2, then the new photo would be half the size of the original, right? So, it would be 5 inches by 2.5 inches, because 5/10 = 1/2 and 2.5/5 = 1/2, right?
So, we need to find numerators so that they reduce to 1.5/2. If we put 10 on the bottom, what goes on top? 1.5/2 = x/10. You can cross multiply and get that 2x = 15, so x = 7.5. We need to do the same for the 5.
1.5/2 = x/5. Cross multiply and get 2x = 7.5, so x = 3.75.
Our new smaller picture is 7.5 inches long and 3.75 inches wide.
Can you do the second problem now?