Proper set of a= {a,b,c,d,e}

Question

Find the number of proper subsets of A {a,b,c,d,e}

Answer 1

Since A contains 5 elements, the number of subsets of A is 2⁵=32, including the set A itself.  Since we want the number of PROPER subsets, the set A itself is excluded.  So, the number of proper subsets of A is 31.