Science questions

Question

Main idea. Describe how an acidic solution forms when HCI is mixed in water and how a basic solution forms when NaOh is mixed in water.


Explain. What an idicator is


Write the formula of three important acids and three important bases and describe their uses

Compare and contrast how NH3 and Ca(OH)2 from OH-ions in water


Think critically. A friend ask you to get his favorite item from the kitchen, but he uses chemical formulas to ask for it. He asks for a drink which does not contain H2CO3, but does have H3C6H6O6. What might he be asking for

Answer 1

Acidic solution forming with HCl and water.

   HCl + H₂O ===> H₃O⁺ + Cl^-

   The presence of H3O⁺ is the hydronium ion, and one definition of an acid is something that donates a proton (H⁺). HCl in this case does just that.

 

Basic solution forming with  NaOH and water:

   One definition of a base is a substance that donates or produces hydroxyl (OH^-) ions.  

   NaOH + H₂O ==>Na⁺ + OH^- so it donates or produces OH^- ions, thus making a basic solution.

 

An indicator is a substance that changes color when in acid or base.

 

Three important acids and three important bases (depends what one means by "important").

Acids: HCl (hydrochloric acid), CH₃COOH (acetic acid), and H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)

Bases:  NaOH (sodium hydroxide), NH₃ (ammonia), and NH₄OH (ammonium hydroxide)

 

NH₃ + H₂O ==> NH₄OH ==> NH₄⁺ + OH^-

Ca(OH)₂ + H₂O ===> Ca²⁺ + 2OH^-

NH₃ forms OH^- ions by accepting H⁺ from H₂O

Ca(OH)₂ forms OH^- ions by ionizing

 

H2CO3 is carbonic acid and is responsible for the carbonation in many drinks (CO2 gas).  H2C6H6O6 is the formula for ascorbic acid, or vitamin C (assuming you meant H2C6H6O6).  This could be orange juice for example.