What happens to pyruvate molecules formed in glycolysis in the absence of oxygen?

Question

biology energy in cells 

Answer 1

Hi!

 

In the absence of oxygen, cells utilize anaerobic fermentation. 

 

Lactic acid fermentation: pyruvate is converted to lactic acid and in the process NAD⁺ is regenerated. This process allows glycolysis to continue to produce ATP. Lactic acid fermentation is done by animals, including us. 

 

In certain bacteria and yeasts: pyruvate is converted into ethanol and CO₂ is released. This is how beer, wine and bread are produced.