Hi Sarah,
Let's translate the English into math:
Let X = the first number
Let Y = the second number
twice the first number decreased by the second number is 1-->2X - Y = 1
first number increased by four times the second number is -40--> X + 4Y = -40
Let's multiply the first number by 4 so that we''ll get 4Y and then we'll add the two equations and eliminate the Y term.
8X - 4Y = 4
+ X + 4Y = -40
--------------------
9X = -36
Divide both sides by 9--> X = -4
I'll let you figure out Y
Dan