Complete diagrams as instructed in the tasks.

Question

Include proper values on the x & y-axis as well as labeling those. Make sure to label ESV, EDV, aortic and mitral valve opening and closing, and Isovolumetric relaxation and contraction where possible on the diagrams regarding blood volumes and pressure. You also need to make sure to list or provide explanation where necessary or where it is asked in the tasks. 

Case Studies Tasks:

1. Ashor has been putting himself through a strict diet and exercise regiment. In the last week, he was feeling some irregularity in his heart rate and heart beat. He decided to visit a doctor and found that he was suffering from Hyperkalemia. Use a diagram to explain how Hyperkalemia impacts cardiac pacemaker and contractile cells. The key here is to consider resting membrane potentials and how that impacts slow and fast acting ion channels in the cardiac conduction process. Make sure to include the following items at a minimum in the diagram(s):
2. mV (Membrane Potential in milivolts)
3. Na+
4. K+
5. Ca+
6. Slow acting channels
7. Fast acting channels
8. -40mV
9. -60mV
10. -90mV
11. Pacemaker potential
12. Depolarization
13. Repolarization
14. Hyperpolarization
15. Absolute Refractory Period

Answer 1

For this assignment, you should start by creating a baseline diagram showing 'normals' and label that with the required labels according to the instructions. Once you've done that, then start to think about how elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) might impact these cells. The instructions for this assignment are very specific, so it may also be helpful to make a list of all of the items your instructor is looking for. Hope that helps!