
Danny M. answered 01/29/23
Experienced Spanish and French Tutor
To answer these questions, first you must understand the roles of the parts of the sentence.
In your exmaple:
¿Tienes que tomar la medicina? ("Do you have to take medicine?")
Ask yourself,
What are you taking? The medicine (la medicina). This is the direct object of the sentence. (Because it is receiving the action of the verb).
Now you have to replace the direct object noun (la medicina) with its corresponding pronoun.
Direct Object Pronouns:
lo, masculine singular
la, feminine singular
los, masculine plural
las, feminine plural
These pronouns will match the gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural) of the noun.
La medicina is feminine singular, so the pronoun is going to be la.
Now, where to put it? Let's look at the example:
A. Sí, la tengo que tomar. ("Yes, I have to take it.")
In part A, the pronoun la is placed right before the conjugated verb tengo. Object pronouns will most often go in front of the conjugated verb of the sentence.
But as you can see, you have more than one verb. Think of the verb phrase [tengo que tomar] as a set. The pronoun can either go in front or directly attached to the end. If you have a second verb and that verb ends in -ar, -er, -ir, -ando, -endo, or -iendo, you can attach the direct object pronoun to the end.
That is what's happening in example B.
B. Sí, tengo que tomarla.