Raymond B. answered 11/07/22
Math, microeconomics or criminal justice
1) Loosening secular morals. More irresponsible sex. Breeding like rabbits. Plus Catholics & Mormons promoting large families with their "be frutiful and multiply" Biblical verse God command.
2) Advancing medical science and technology. Lengthing life spans, a couple hundred years ago a mere 20 or so. Now in the 70's. Lower death/birth ratio More universal availablity of medical treatment, declining death rate. Just 100 years ago, medical "doctors" were literally quacks, doing more harm than cures.
3) More ability to survive famines, advanced farming methods and greater agricultural output. More food, less starving/dying people.
4) All growth rates are exponential, with exponential exploding growth. The "miracle" of compound interest (rate of growth for money, bacteria, people and more. all at a base e)
5) Evolving humans more capable to combat being eaten by competing animals. Natural selection, selecting humans as more fit. battle of the higher primates vs. lower species, with humans winning the battle & war.
6) countries exaggering their populations, with creative statistics, to make their leaders feel more important, more powerful.
7) once rural, isolated populations not getting counted before, but now unable to hide from satelite pictures or census takers
8) fraudulent stats in the mix, several times. As Mark Twain said, there's "Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics" Statistics are very suspect.
9) No world war in the past 50+ years, slowing the death rate. More net people, world wide.
10) vaccines, greater environmental cleanliness, less plagues, reducing the death rate
11) more cities, high density populations, with more personal contacts, upping the birth rate