graphically, the equation describes a hyperbola
y^2 =2x^2 -1
2x^2 -y^2 = 1
x^2/(sqr2/2)^ -y^2 = 1
It fails the vertical line test. vertical lines intersect the hyperbola twice. That means it's not a function
let x=1, then y = -1 or +1, if there is not a unique value of y for any value of x, then it's not a function.
to be a function there has to be one and only one output for every input. x is the input, y is the output for an input of 1, there are 2 possible outputs, 1 or -1
or use a graphing calculator and try drawing a vertical line through the graph. IF it cuts twice, it's not a function.